Review

Contemporary neuroimaging of meningiomas has largely relied on computed tomography, and more recently magnetic resonance imaging. While these modalities are frequently used in nearly all clinical settings where meningiomas are treated for the routine diagnosis and follow-up of these tumors, advances in neuroimaging have provided novel opportunities for prognostication and treatment planning (including both surgical planning and radiotherapy planning). [...]

The oligomerization of monomeric proteins into large, elongated, β-sheet-rich fibril structures (amyloid), which results in toxicity to impacted cells, is highly correlated to increased age. The concomitant decrease of the quality control system, composed of chaperones, ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosomal pathway, has been shown to play an important role in disease development. [...]

Amyloid Diseases involve the growth of disease specific proteins into amyloid fibrils and their deposition in protein plaques. Amyloid fibril formation is typically preceded by oligomeric intermediates. [...]

Background:In a range of human disorders such as multiple myeloma (MM), immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) can be produced at very high concentrations. This can lead to pathological aggregation and deposition of IgLCs in different tissues, which in turn leads to severe and potentially fatal organ damage. [...]

Theoretical models of insomnia disorder recognise an emotional component in the main-tenance of the disorder. Nonetheless, the field of emotions is vast and different pro-cesses are involved in psychological well-being. [...]

Tools have coined human life, living conditions, and culture. Recognizing thecognitive architecture underlying tool use would allow us to comprehendits evolution, development, and physiological basis. [...]

With the advances in modern medicine and the adaptation towards healthier lifestyles, the average life expectancy has doubled since the 1930s, with individuals born in the millennium years now carrying an estimated life expectancy of around 100 years. And even though many individuals around the globe manage to age successfully, the prevalence of aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as sporadic Alzheimer’s disease has never been as high as nowadays. [...]