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@ARTICLE{Schneider:100,
      author       = {Schneider, K. and Huisman, J. A. and Breuer, L. and Zhao,
                      Y. and Frede, H.-G.},
      title        = {{T}emporal stability of soil moisture in various semi-arid
                      steppe ecosystems and its application in remote sensing},
      journal      = {Journal of hydrology},
      volume       = {359},
      issn         = {0022-1694},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-100},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {The presented study within the project "Matter fluxes in
                      Inner Mongolia as influenced by stocking rate (MAGIM)", FG
                      536 was funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG). The
                      authors would like to thank Carsten Hoffmann and Markus
                      Steffens for providing soil data and all members of the
                      MAGIM research group for assistance during the field
                      campaign.},
      abstract     = {Monitoring soil moisture is often necessary in hydrological
                      studies on various scales. One of the challenges is to
                      determine the mean soil moisture of large areas with minimum
                      tabour and costs. The aim of this study is to test temporal
                      persistence of sample locations to decrease the number of
                      samples required to make reliable estimates of mean moisture
                      content in the top soil. Soil moisture data on four
                      experimental sites were collected during the vegetation
                      period in 2004-2006. The experimental sites are located in a
                      steppe environment in northern China, and are characterised
                      by different grazing management which causes differences in
                      vegetation cover. A total of 100 sampling points per site
                      were ranked with respect to their difference to field mean
                      soil moisture using the time-stability concept. We tested
                      whether: (a) representative sample locations exist that
                      predict field mean soil moisture to an acceptable degree,
                      and (b) these locations are time-stable beyond a single
                      vegetation period. Time-stable locations with a low
                      deviation from mean field soil moisture and tow standard
                      deviation were identified for each site. Although the
                      time-stability characteristics of some points varied between
                      years, the selected points were appropriate to predict mean
                      soil moisture of the sites for multiple years. On the field
                      scale, time-stability and the persistence of patterns were
                      analysed by the use of a Spearman rank correlation. The
                      analysis showed that persistence depended on grazing
                      management and the related plant cover. It is concluded that
                      the time-stability concept provides useful information for
                      the validation of hydrological or remote sensing models, or
                      for the upscaling of soil moisture information to larger
                      scales. A preliminary comparison of soil moisture
                      measurements derived from ground-truth and remote sensing
                      data showed that the data matched well in some cases, but
                      that the considerable difference in spatial extent promotes
                      differences in other cases. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All
                      rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Civil / Geosciences, Multidisciplinary / Water
                      Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000259462600002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.016},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/100},
}