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@ARTICLE{Wei:1005144,
      author       = {Weiß, Lennart and Music, Emir and Rinklin, Philipp and
                      Banzet, Marko and Mayer, Dirk and Wolfrum, Bernhard},
      title        = {{O}n-{C}hip {E}lectrokinetic {M}icropumping for
                      {N}anoparticle {I}mpact {E}lectrochemistry},
      journal      = {Analytical chemistry},
      volume       = {94},
      number       = {33},
      issn         = {0003-2700},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-01332},
      pages        = {11600-11609},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Single-entity electrochemistry is a powerful technique to
                      study the interactions of nanoparticles at the
                      liquid–solid interface. In this work, we exploit Faradaic
                      (background) processes in electrolytes of moderate ionic
                      strength to evoke electrokinetic transport and study its
                      influence on nanoparticle impacts. We implemented an
                      electrode array comprising a macroscopic electrode that
                      surrounds a set of 62 spatially distributed microelectrodes.
                      This configuration allowed us to alter the global
                      electrokinetic transport characteristics by adjusting the
                      potential at the macroscopic electrode, while we
                      concomitantly recorded silver nanoparticle impacts at the
                      microscopic detection electrodes. By focusing on temporal
                      changes of the impact rates, we were able to reveal
                      alterations in the macroscopic particle transport. Our
                      findings indicate a potential-dependent micropumping effect.
                      The highest impact rates were obtained for strongly negative
                      macroelectrode potentials and alkaline solutions, albeit
                      also positive potentials lead to an increase in particle
                      impacts. We explain this finding by reversal of the pumping
                      direction. Variations in the electrolyte composition were
                      shown to play a critical role as the macroelectrode
                      processes can lead to depletion of ions, which influences
                      both the particle oxidation and the reactions that drive the
                      transport. Our study highlights that controlled on-chip
                      micropumping is possible, yet its optimization is not
                      straightforward. Nevertheless, the utilization of electro-
                      and diffusiokinetic transport phenomena might be an
                      appealing strategy to enhance the performance in future
                      impact-based sensing applications},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {35900877},
      UT           = {WOS:000835239200001},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02017},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1005144},
}