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@ARTICLE{Minopoli:1005154,
      author       = {Minopoli, Antonio and Scardapane, Emanuela and Ventura,
                      Bartolomeo Della and Tanner, Julian A and Offenhäusser,
                      Andreas and Mayer, Dirk and Velotta, Raffaele},
      title        = {{D}ouble-{R}esonant {N}anostructured {G}old {S}urface for
                      {M}ultiplexed {D}etection},
      journal      = {ACS applied bio materials},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2576-6422},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-01342},
      pages        = {6417-6427},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {A novel double-resonant plasmonic substrate for
                      fluorescence amplification in a chip-based apta-immunoassay
                      is herein reported. The amplification mechanism relies on
                      plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) effect. The substrate
                      consists of an assembly of plasmon-coupled and
                      plasmon-uncoupled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) immobilized
                      onto a glass slide. Plasmon-coupled AuNPs are hexagonally
                      arranged along branch patterns whose resonance lies in the
                      red band (∼675 nm). Plasmon-uncoupled AuNPs are sprinkled
                      onto the substrate, and they exhibit a narrow resonance at
                      524 nm. Numerical simulations of the plasmonic response of
                      the substrate through the finite-difference time-domain
                      (FDTD) method reveal the presence of electromagnetic hot
                      spots mainly confined in the interparticle junctions. In
                      order to realize a PEF-based device for potential
                      multiplexing applications, the plasmon resonances are
                      coupled with the emission peak of 5-carboxyfluorescein
                      (5-FAM) fluorophore and with the excitation/emission peaks
                      of cyanine 5 (Cy5). The substrate is implemented in a
                      malaria apta-immunoassay to detect Plasmodium falciparum
                      lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) in human whole blood.
                      Antibodies against Plasmodium biomarkers constitute the
                      capture layer, whereas fluorescently labeled aptamers
                      recognizing PfLDH are adopted as the top layer. The
                      fluorescence emitted by 5-FAM and Cy5 fluorophores are
                      linearly correlated (logarithm scale) to the PfLDH
                      concentration over five decades. The limits of detection are
                      50 pM (1.6 ng/mL) with the 5-FAM probe and 260 fM (8.6
                      pg./mL) with the Cy5 probe. No sample preconcentration and
                      complex pretreatments are required. Average fluorescence
                      amplifications of 160 and 4500 are measured in the 5-FAM and
                      Cy5 channel, respectively. These results are reasonably
                      consistent with those worked out by FDTD simulations. The
                      implementation of the proposed approach in
                      multiwell-plate-based bioassays would lead to either signal
                      redundancy (two dyes for a single analyte) or to a
                      simultaneous detection of two analytes by different dyes,
                      the latter being a key step toward high-throughput
                      analysis.},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {35089707},
      UT           = {WOS:000757896200001},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsami.1c23438},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1005154},
}