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@ARTICLE{Cortelli:1005163,
      author       = {Cortelli, Giorgio and Grob, Leroy and Patruno, Luca and
                      Cramer, Tobias and Mayer, Dirk and Fraboni, Beatrice and
                      Wolfrum, Bernhard and Miranda, Stefano de},
      title        = {{D}etermination of {S}tiffness and the {E}lastic {M}odulus
                      of 3{D}-{P}rinted {M}icropillars with {A}tomic {F}orce
                      {M}icroscopy–{F}orce {S}pectroscopy},
      journal      = {ACS applied materials $\&$ interfaces},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1944-8244},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-01351},
      pages        = {7602–7609},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Nowadays, many applications in diverse fields are taking
                      advantage of micropillars such as optics, tribology,
                      biology, and biomedical engineering. Among them, one of the
                      most attractive is three-dimensional microelectrode arrays
                      for in vivo and in vitro studies, such as cellular
                      recording, biosensors, and drug delivery. Depending on the
                      application, the micropillar’s optimal mechanical response
                      ranges from soft to stiff. For long-term implantable
                      devices, a mechanical mismatch between the micropillars and
                      the biological tissue must be avoided. For drug delivery
                      patches, micropillars must penetrate the skin without
                      breaking or bending. The accurate mechanical
                      characterization of the micropillar is pivotal in the
                      fabrication and optimization of such devices, as it
                      determines whether the device will fail or not. In this
                      work, we demonstrate an experimental method based only on
                      atomic force microscopy–force spectroscopy that allows us
                      to measure the stiffness of a micropillar and the elastic
                      modulus of its constituent material. We test our method with
                      four different types of 3D inkjet-printed micropillars:
                      silver micropillars sintered at 100 and 150 °C and
                      polyacrylate microstructures with and without a metallic
                      coating. The estimated elastic moduli are found to be
                      comparable with the corresponding bulk values. Furthermore,
                      our findings show that neither the sintering temperature nor
                      the presence of a thin metal coating plays a major role in
                      defining the mechanical properties of the micropillar.},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {36706051},
      UT           = {WOS:000931730200001},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsami.2c21921},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1005163},
}