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@ARTICLE{Brogi:1005195,
      author       = {Brogi, Cosimo and Pisinaras, Vassilios and Köhli, Markus
                      and Dombrowski, Olga and Hendricks Franssen, Harrie-Jan and
                      Babakos, Konstantinos and Chatzi, Anna and Panagopoulos,
                      Andreas and Bogena, Heye Reemt},
      title        = {{M}onitoring {I}rrigation in {S}mall {O}rchards with
                      {C}osmic-{R}ay {N}eutron {S}ensors},
      journal      = {Sensors},
      volume       = {23},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1424-8220},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-01364},
      pages        = {2378},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Due to their unique characteristics, cosmic-ray neutron
                      sensors (CRNSs) have potential inmonitoring and informing
                      irrigation management, and thus optimising the use of water
                      resources inagriculture. However, practical methods to
                      monitor small, irrigated fields with CRNSs are currentlynot
                      available and the challenges of targeting areas smaller than
                      the CRNS sensing volume are mostlyunaddressed. In this
                      study, CRNSs are used to continuously monitor soil moisture
                      (SM) dynamics intwo irrigated apple orchards (Agia, Greece)
                      of ~1.2 ha. The CRNS-derived SM was compared to areference
                      SM obtained by weighting a dense sensor network. In the 2021
                      irrigation period, CRNSscould only capture the timing of
                      irrigation events, and an ad hoc calibration resulted in
                      improvementsonly in the hours before irrigation (RMSE
                      between 0.020 and 0.035). In 2022, a correction based
                      onneutron transport simulations, and on SM measurements from
                      a non-irrigated location, was tested.In the nearby irrigated
                      field, the proposed correction improved the CRNS-derived SM
                      (from 0.052to 0.031 RMSE) and, most importantly, allowed for
                      monitoring the magnitude of SM dynamics thatare due to
                      irrigation. The results are a step forward in using CRNSs as
                      a decision support system inirrigation management.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {36904581},
      UT           = {WOS:000947410600001},
      doi          = {10.3390/s23052378},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1005195},
}