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@ARTICLE{AlTardeh:1005348,
      author       = {Al-Tardeh, Sharaf M. and Alqam, Hala N. and Kuhn, Arnd
                      Jürgen and Kuchendorf, Christina},
      title        = {{I}n {V}itro {A}ssessment of {S}alinity {S}tress {I}mpact
                      on {E}arly {G}rowth in {T}en {C}ertified {P}alestinian
                      {B}arley {C}ultivars ({H}ordeum vulgare {L}.) {P}otentially
                      {S}uitable for {C}ultivation on {F}ormer {Q}uarry
                      {S}ubstrates},
      journal      = {Water},
      volume       = {15},
      issn         = {2073-4441},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-01454},
      pages        = {1065},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Salinity is a major constraint for crop health and
                      productivity, particularly on arid, semiarid, and otherwise
                      marginal soils, such as quarry residue. Quarries are a main
                      pillar of national income in Palestine but have a
                      long-lasting toll on the environment. We examined barley
                      (Hordeum vulgare L.), another pillar of the Palestinian
                      economy and one of the most important crops in the world, in
                      this regard for its tolerance to salinity stress. This study
                      is the first to evaluate the impact of salinity (50, 85,
                      120, and 175 mM NaCl) on seed germination, early growth
                      stage, and morpho-anatomy on ten pre-selected certified
                      Palestinian barley cultivars (Baladi, Improved Baladi,
                      Rihan, ICARDA 1, ICARDA 15, ACSAD 68, ACSAD 176, ACSAD 1417,
                      ACSAD 1732, and ACSAD 1744) to assess their potential for a
                      successful growth start under adverse saline conditions. In
                      addition, soil samples from quarries in Hebron governorate
                      were randomly selected and tested for salinity level,
                      elec-trical conductivity, and total of soluble salts for a
                      first rough overview of options for applying our results,
                      since local data are often scarce or outdated. The examined
                      soil samples reached electrical conductivity (EC) ranges of
                      1.81 × 10−4–9.071 × 10−4 dS m−1, which are below
                      the normal EC (11–57 × 10−4 dS m−1). This result may
                      contraindicate the hypothesis that quarry lands always
                      suffer from salinity stress. Cultivars such as ACSAD 68 and
                      Icarda 15 proved very sensitive to higher salinity stress
                      with high G50 (time point when $50\%$ of seeds have
                      germinated) at 4.4 d, with 120 mM NaCl (ACSAD 68) or
                      incalculable amounts (Icarda 15) and just 50 and $20\%$
                      total germination, respec-tively. Concentrations of 175 mM
                      NaCl were found in ACSAD 176 and Improved Baladi (no G50, 37
                      and $30\%$ germination, respectively). Some cultivars showed
                      a moderate to high resilience to sa-linity, such as ICARDA
                      I, ACSAD 1417, and ACSAD 1744, which reached > $80\%$ seed
                      germination at 120 mM NaCl and $>60\%$ at 175 mM NaCl, and
                      G50 within 1.5–2.2 days; the most resilient was ACSAD 1732
                      with G50 < 2 days and germination still $>80\%$ at 175 mM
                      NaCl. This is strongly supported by the monitored growth
                      parameters. In conclusion, ACSAD1732 and Icarda 1 cultivars
                      are highly recommended for cultivation in areas of low
                      precipitation and high salt accumulation. In addition, the
                      land and/or soil of quarries, their landfills, and nearby
                      areas in Palestine may be fit for barley cultivation with
                      recommended cultivars regarding salinity stress.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2171 - Biological and environmental resources for
                      sustainable use (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2171},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000968353200001},
      doi          = {10.3390/w15061065},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1005348},
}