001005502 001__ 1005502 001005502 005__ 20240226075515.0 001005502 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.5281/ZENODO.6090425 001005502 037__ $$aFZJ-2023-01508 001005502 041__ $$aEnglish 001005502 088__ $$2Other$$a6 001005502 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCarpenter, Paul$$b0 001005502 245__ $$aHeterogeneous High Performance Computing 001005502 260__ $$aETP4HPC$$bZenodo$$c2022 001005502 300__ $$a18 pp. 001005502 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$areport 001005502 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aREPORT 001005502 3367_ $$010$$2EndNote$$aReport 001005502 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)3$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aBook$$mbook 001005502 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Report 001005502 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)29$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aReport$$breport$$mreport$$s1679317219_16292 001005502 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aTECHREPORT 001005502 4900_ $$aETP4HPC White Papers 001005502 520__ $$aModern HPC systems are becoming increasingly heterogeneous, affecting all components of HPC systems, from the processing units, through memory hierarchies and network components to storage systems. This trend is on the one hand due to the need to build larger, yet more energy efficient systems, and on the other hand it is caused by the need to optimise (parts of the) systems for certain workloads. In fact, it is not only the systems themselves that are becoming more heterogeneous, but also scientific and industrial applications are increasingly combining different technologies into complex workflows, including simulation, data analytics, visualisation, and artificial intelligence/machine learning. Different steps in these workflows call for different hardware and thus today’s HPC systems are often composed of different modules optimised to suit certain stages in these workflows. While the trend towards heterogeneity is certainly helpful in many aspects, it makes the task of programming these systems and using them efficiently much more complicated. Often, a combination of different programming models is required and selecting suitable technologies for certain tasks or even parts of an algorithm is difficult. Novel methods might be needed for heterogeneous components or be only facilitated by them. And this trend is continuing, with new technologies around the corner that will further increase heterogeneity, e.g. neuromorphic or quantum accelerators, in-memory-computing, and other non-von-Neumann approaches. In this paper, we present an overview of the different levels of heterogeneity we find in HPC technologies and provide recommendations for research directions to help deal with the challenges they pose. We also point out opportunities that particularly applications can profit from by exploiting these technologies. Research efforts will be needed over the full spectrum, from system architecture, compilers and programming models/languages, to runtime systems, algorithms and novel mathematical approaches. 001005502 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5122$$a5122 - Future Computing & Big Data Systems (POF4-512)$$cPOF4-512$$fPOF IV$$x0 001005502 536__ $$0G:(EU-Grant)955606$$aDEEP-SEA - DEEP – SOFTWARE FOR EXASCALE ARCHITECTURES (955606)$$c955606$$fH2020-JTI-EuroHPC-2019-1$$x1 001005502 588__ $$aDataset connected to DataCite 001005502 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aUtz, Uwe-Haus$$b1 001005502 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNarasimhamurthy, Sai$$b2 001005502 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)142361$$aSuarez, Estela$$b3$$eCorresponding author 001005502 773__ $$a10.5281/ZENODO.6090425 001005502 8564_ $$uhttps://www.etp4hpc.eu/pujades/files/ETP4HPC_WP_Heterogeneous-HPC_20220216.pdf 001005502 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:1005502$$pec_fundedresources$$pVDB$$popenaire 001005502 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)142361$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b3$$kFZJ 001005502 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-512$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF4-510$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF4-500$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF4$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$9G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5122$$aDE-HGF$$bKey Technologies$$lEngineering Digital Futures – Supercomputing, Data Management and Information Security for Knowledge and Action$$vSupercomputing & Big Data Infrastructures$$x0 001005502 9141_ $$y2023 001005502 920__ $$lyes 001005502 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406$$kJSC$$lJülich Supercomputing Center$$x0 001005502 980__ $$areport 001005502 980__ $$aVDB 001005502 980__ $$abook 001005502 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406 001005502 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED