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@ARTICLE{Lgering:1005592,
      author       = {Lügering, Helena and Tepeli, Aysel Dilek and Sieben, Anna},
      title        = {{I}t’s (not) just a matter of terminology: {E}veryday
                      understanding of “mass panic” and alternative terms},
      journal      = {Safety science},
      volume       = {163},
      issn         = {0925-7535},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-01551},
      pages        = {106123},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Although the idea of mass panic is quite common in reports
                      on accidents involving crowds, most experts consider it to
                      be erroneous. In a nutshell, they argue that panic and
                      animalistic behavior of humans are not the main causes of
                      crowd accidents, but that it is rather an organizational
                      issue. However, few of the existing studies have addressed
                      the question of what lay people associate with the term.
                      With our mixed-method study, we sought to shed light on
                      people’s underlying ideas and assumptions about mass
                      panic. Additionally, we were interested in how these ideas
                      change using two alternative terms, namely “mass
                      accident” and “mass disaster”. Results showed that
                      participants in the questionnaire (N = 282) and interview (N
                      = 17) study indeed strongly associated the term “mass
                      panic” with irrational and selfish behavior, and less with
                      orderly behavior. In addition to the organizers, people in
                      the crowd were seen as responsible for such accidents.
                      Besides, most actions judged appropriate to defuse the
                      situation were related to the advice “Don’t panic”.
                      Deviating from the concept, however, it was indicated that
                      helping behavior can be found in critical situations. The
                      questionnaire in which participants only saw one of the
                      three terms revealed no change in the everyday understanding
                      with the alternative terms. Nevertheless, interviewees found
                      their own “mass panic explanation” insufficient but also
                      had no alternative ideas of what causes such accidents.
                      Therefore, replacing the problematic concept of mass panic
                      requires not only alternative terms, but also the
                      dissemination of scientific explanations.},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) / CrowdDNA -
                      TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED CROWD MANAGEMENT
                      (899739)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111 / G:(EU-Grant)899739},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001055032000001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106123},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1005592},
}