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@ARTICLE{Hoppe:1005630,
      author       = {Hoppe, Eugen and Holtwerth, Sebastian and Müller, Martin
                      and Lehnert, Werner},
      title        = {{A}n ex-situ investigation of the effect of clamping
                      pressure on the membrane swelling of a polymer electrolyte
                      water electrolyzer using {X}-{R}ay tomography},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {578},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-01579},
      pages        = {233242 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Due to water uptake, the polymer membrane of polymer
                      electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) swells,
                      increases in thickness and so induces swelling pressure. The
                      water content in the membrane and catalyst coated membrane
                      (CCM), respectively, defines the protonic conductivity,
                      which has a significant impact on the performance of a
                      PEMWE. In order to ensure the gas tightness of the PEMWE and
                      increase the thermal and electrical connectivity between the
                      different layers, the entire electrolyzer is compressed.
                      Whether and in which way the swelling of the CCM is
                      influenced by applying pressure or influences the
                      surrounding layers is investigated in this study using a
                      special compression device and X-ray computer tomography
                      (CT). CT scans were carried out and the resulting
                      cross-sectional images analyzed. Five different compression
                      pressures between 0.36 and 1.63 MPa were applied for the dry
                      (28 °C, atmospheric humidity) and wet (28 °C, surrounded
                      by liquid water) states. The thickness change of the CCM and
                      adjacent porous transport layers (PTL) was then measured.
                      Due to the compression pressure, the thickness of the CCM
                      decreased by $5\%.$ For lower pressures, the carbon paper
                      PTL compensates more of the swelling than the titanium felt
                      PTL. For higher pressures, the ratio is inverse.},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / DFG
                      project 491111487 - Open-Access-Publikationskosten / 2022 -
                      2024 / Forschungszentrum Jülich (OAPKFZJ) (491111487)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(GEPRIS)491111487},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001011479000001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233242},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1005630},
}