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@ARTICLE{Tatsumoto:1006446,
      author       = {Tatsumoto, H. and Lyngh, D. and Beßler, Y. and Klaus, M.
                      and Hanusch, F. and Arnold, P. and Quack, H.},
      title        = {{D}esign status of the {ESS} cryogenic moderator system},
      journal      = {IOP conference series / Materials science and engineering},
      volume       = {755},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1757-8981},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Institute of Physics},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-01680},
      pages        = {012101 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {The Cryogenic Moderator System (CMS) has been designed to
                      cool high-energy neutrons down to cold neutrons in two
                      cryogenic hydrogen moderators (four ones in the future) by
                      forced flow of subcooled liquid hydrogen at 17 K and 1.0
                      MPa. At 5 MW proton beam power, an estimated nuclear heating
                      of 6.7 kW (17.3 kW in the future) is generated in the
                      moderators. The subcooled liquid hydrogen is circulated by
                      two pumps arranged in series with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s
                      to maintain the average temperature rise over each moderator
                      below 3 K and is cooled through a plate fin heat exchanger
                      by a helium refrigerator with a cooling capacity of 30.3 kW
                      at 15 K. The ESS moderator vessels are optimized for maximum
                      cold neutron brightness and pure para-hydrogen, requiring a
                      para concentration of > 99.5 $\%.$ An ortho-para-hydrogen
                      convertor is integrated into the loop along with an online
                      para-hydrogen measurement system. The pressure fluctuation
                      caused by unpredictable abrupt changes of nuclear heating
                      will be mitigated using a pressure control buffer with a
                      volume of 65 1.},
      cin          = {ZEA-1},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (FZJ)
                      (POF4-6G4)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G4},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000594069300101},
      doi          = {10.1088/1757-899X/755/1/012101},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1006446},
}