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@ARTICLE{Uecker:1006584,
      author       = {Uecker, Jan and Unachukwu, Ifeanyichukwu D. and Vibhu,
                      Vaibhav and Vinke, Izaak C. and Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and de
                      Haart, L. G. J.},
      title        = {{P}erformance, electrochemical process analysis and
                      degradation of gadolinium doped ceria as fuel electrode
                      material for solid oxide electrolysis cells},
      journal      = {Electrochimica acta},
      volume       = {452},
      issn         = {0013-4686},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-01725},
      pages        = {142320},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {One major challenge that has to be solved to enable a
                      market entry of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs)
                      technology is the poor degradation behaviour caused by
                      nickel agglomeration and migration in the state-of-the-art
                      fuel electrodes. Novel fuel electrode materials that either
                      suppress the nickel migration or even nickel-free electrodes
                      could lead to a decrease in degradation rates. In this work,
                      single cells based on the mixed ionic electronic conducting
                      (MIEC) gadolinium doped ceria (GDC), acting as single-phase
                      fuel electrode, were prepared. The cell performance was
                      investigated by current density-voltage characteristics (jV)
                      for steam and co-electrolysis conditions at various
                      operating temperatures. Furthermore, electrochemical
                      processes occurring in the single cells were analysed using
                      electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), distribution
                      of relaxation times (DRT) analysis and equivalent circuit
                      model (ECM) fitting. Current densities of –914 and –969
                      mA‧cm−2, respectively, at 1.5 V and 900 °C operating
                      temperature for steam and co-electrolysis were obtained,
                      which corresponds to about $70\%$ of the current density
                      achieved in similar produced Ni-GDC fuel electrode cells. In
                      addition, a long-term stability test was carried out during
                      steam electrolysis $(50\%$ H2O + $50\%$ H2) at 900 °C with
                      a constant current load of –0.5 A‧cm−2 for 1070 h. In
                      comparison to Ni-YSZ and Ni-GDC fuel electrode single cells
                      reported in the literature, a significantly lower
                      degradation rate of 112 mV‧kh−1 was observed. The
                      electrochemical investigations and post-test analyses using
                      SEM-EDX reveal that the GDC fuel electrode does not
                      contribute significantly to the degradation, while the LSCF
                      oxygen electrode is the major contributor to the cells’
                      degradation.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) / iNEW2.0
                      (BMBF-03SF0627A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 / G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-03SF0627A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000966655400001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142320},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1006584},
}