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@ARTICLE{Wang:1007371,
      author       = {Wang, Kai and Spatschek, Robert},
      title        = {{P}hase {F}ield {S}tudy of {C}r-{O}xide {G}rowth {K}inetics
                      in the {C}rofer 22 {APU} {A}lloy {S}upported by {W}agner’s
                      {T}heory},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02036},
      pages        = {3574 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The Crofer 22 APU alloy is a frequently used metallic
                      material to manufacture interconnects in solid oxide fuel
                      cells. However, the formation and evaporation of Cr2O3 not
                      only increases the electrical resistance but also leads to
                      the Cr-related degradation over the service time. In order
                      to investigate the growth kinetics of Cr-oxide, i.e., Cr2O3,
                      the multi-phase field model coupled with reliable CALPHAD
                      databases is employed. The phase field simulation results
                      are benchmarked with the predictions of Wagner’s theory.
                      Moreover, we evidence the influence of the temperature and
                      Cr concentration on the ferritic matrix phase and the oxygen
                      concentration at the Cr2O3/gas interface on the growth
                      kinetics of Cr-oxide, paving the way for further
                      investigations of Cr-related solid oxide fuel cell
                      degradation processes.},
      cin          = {IEK-2 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) /
                      Verbundvorhaben $SOC-Degradation_2$ ' Teilvorhaben A
                      (03SF0621A) / DFG project 491111487 -
                      Open-Access-Publikationskosten / 2022 - 2024 /
                      Forschungszentrum Jülich (OAPKFZJ) (491111487)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(BMBF)03SF0621A /
                      G:(GEPRIS)491111487},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000980881100001},
      doi          = {10.3390/en16083574},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1007371},
}