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@ARTICLE{Castroherrera:1007375,
      author       = {Castro herrera, Daniela and Prost, Katharina and Kim,
                      Dong-Gill and Yimer, Fantaw and Tadesse, Menfese and
                      Gebrehiwot, Mersha and Brüggemann, Nicolas},
      title        = {{B}iochar addition reduces non‐{CO} 2 greenhouse gas
                      emissions during composting of human excreta and cattle
                      manure},
      journal      = {Journal of environmental quality},
      volume       = {52},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0047-2425},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02040},
      pages        = {814-828},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Ecological sanitation combined with thermophilic composting
                      is a viable option to transform human excreta into a
                      stabilized, pathogen-free, and nutrient-rich fertilizer. In
                      combination with suitable bulking materials such as sawdust
                      and straw, and additives such as biochar, this could also be
                      a suitable waste management strategy for reducing greenhouse
                      gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, we conducted a 143-days
                      thermophilic composting of human excreta or cattle manure
                      together with teff straw, organic waste, and biochar to
                      investigate the effect that biochar has on GHG (CO2, N2O,
                      and CH4) and NH3 emissions. The composting was performed in
                      wooden boxes (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.4 m3), GHG were measured by
                      using a portable FTIR gas analyzer and NH3 was sampled as
                      ammonium in an H2SO4 trap. We found that the addition of
                      biochar significantly reduced CH4 emissions by $91\%$ in the
                      cattle manure compost, and N2O emissions by $56\%−57\%$ in
                      both humanure and cattle manure composts. Overall, non-CO2
                      GHG emissions were reduced by $51\%−71\%.$ In contrast, we
                      did not observe a significant biochar effect on CO2 and NH3
                      emissions. Previous data already showed that it is possible
                      to sanitize human fecal material when using this composting
                      method. Our results suggest that thermophilic composting
                      with biochar addition is a safe and cost-effective waste
                      management practice for producing a nutrient-rich fertilizer
                      from human excreta, while reducing GHG emissions at the same
                      time.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {37117005},
      UT           = {WOS:000991481300001},
      doi          = {10.1002/jeq2.20482},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1007375},
}