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@ARTICLE{Matrone:1007379,
      author       = {Matrone, Giovanni Maria and Bruno, Ugo and Forró, Csaba
                      and Lubrano, Claudia and Cinti, Stefano and van de Burgt,
                      Yoeri and Santoro, Francesca},
      title        = {{E}lectrical and {O}ptical {M}odulation of a
                      {PEDOT}:{PSS}‐{B}ased {E}lectrochemical {T}ransistor for
                      {M}ultiple {N}eurotransmitter‐{M}ediated {A}rtificial
                      {S}ynapses},
      journal      = {Advanced Materials Technologies},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {2365-709X},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02044},
      pages        = {2201911},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Neuromorphic systems that display synaptic conditioning
                      based on biochemical signaling activity have recently been
                      introduced in the form of artificial synapses that are model
                      devices to develop tissue-interfaced platforms. In this
                      regard, biohybrid synapses promise adaptive
                      neuron-integrated functions. However, these systems suffer
                      from both molecular cross-talk as biological neural circuits
                      signal transmission typically involves more than one
                      neuromodulator, and unstable electronics wirings as complex
                      architectures are required to interface the tissues.
                      Moreover, whilst novel spiking circuits can work as
                      artificial neurons, they only recreate the biological
                      electrical signaling pathway while electrochemical signal
                      transduction is required for inter-neuron communication. As
                      such, artificial chemically-mediated synapses are essential
                      to perform memory/learning computing functions. Herein, an
                      electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) working
                      as an artificial synapse that overcomes electrochemical and
                      readout interferences while it emulates two
                      neurotransmitters synaptic weight modulation and their
                      recycling machinery at the synaptic cleft is shown. Neuronal
                      short- and long-term plasticity are replicated by
                      transducing two separate neurotransmitter-mediated chemical
                      signals into reversible and nonreversible variations of
                      PEDOT:PSS conductance. By exploiting the electrochromic
                      properties of PEDOT:PSS, an alternative optical monitoring
                      strategy is introduced which promises stable multidevice
                      readout from complex bio-hybrid interfaces. The platform
                      emulates high-order biological processes such as intrinsic
                      forgetting, memory consolidation, and neurotransmitter
                      co-modulation. These brain-inspired functionalities herald
                      the development of tissue-integrated neuromorphic systems
                      that combine spiking (electrical neurons) and nonspiking
                      (electrochemical synapses) elements, thus envisioning
                      prosthetic bridges for neural engineering and regenerative
                      medicine.},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000972459200001},
      doi          = {10.1002/admt.202201911},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1007379},
}