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@ARTICLE{Stock:1007384,
      author       = {Stock, Jan and Arjuna, Felix and Xhonneux, André and
                      Müller, Dirk},
      title        = {{M}odelling of waste heat integration into an existing
                      district heating network operating at different supply
                      temperatures},
      journal      = {Smart energy},
      volume       = {10},
      issn         = {2666-9552},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02049},
      pages        = {1-13},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {A promising way to make use of waste heat sources is to
                      distribute the heat to nearby buildings via district heating
                      systems to cover the heat demands of the buildings. The
                      integration of a waste heat source into an existing district
                      heating system must be studied in advance to avoid
                      difficulties in network operation and to ensure the required
                      heat supply to all connected buildings. Simultaneously,
                      supply temperature reduction can improve the overall system
                      efficiency and should also be considered for a sustainable
                      transformation of existing district heating systems.In this
                      paper, we develop a district heating model with multiple
                      supplying heat sources to study the influence of an
                      additional integrated heat source and the effects of reduced
                      supply temperatures on the network conditions. With the
                      developed model, we investigate the waste heat integration
                      into an existing district heating system at a German
                      research facility campus. Therefore, we test different
                      integrated waste heat shares to identify arising bottlenecks
                      and to check for the sufficient heat supply to the connected
                      consumers. Furthermore, we test the opportunity to
                      additionally lowering the supply temperatures in the
                      district heating network. The simulation results show that
                      waste heat integration is possible at the investigated
                      district heating system up to $40\%.$ However,
                      simultaneously lowering the supply temperature leads to
                      greater challenges as more bottlenecks arise and additional
                      buildings are affected by insufficient supply.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {1122 - Design, Operation and Digitalization of the Future
                      Energy Grids (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001040904800001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.segy.2023.100104},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1007384},
}