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@ARTICLE{Feldmann:1007496,
      author       = {Feldmann, Sina and Adrian, Juliane},
      title        = {{F}orward propagation of a push through a row of people},
      journal      = {Safety science},
      volume       = {164},
      issn         = {0925-7535},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02086},
      pages        = {106173},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Security plays a crucial role when it comes to planning
                      large events such as concerts, sporting tournaments,
                      pilgrims, or demonstrations. Monitoring and controlling
                      pedestrian dynamics can prevent dangerous situations from
                      occurring. However, little is known about the specific
                      factors that contribute to harmful situations. For example,
                      the individual response of a person to external forces in
                      dense crowds is not well studied. In order to address this
                      gap in knowledge, we conducted a series of experiments to
                      examine how a push propagates through a row of people and
                      how it affects the participants. We recorded 2D head
                      trajectories and 3D motion capturing data. To ensure that
                      different trials can be compared to one another, we measured
                      the force at the impact. We find that that the propagation
                      distance as well as the propagation speed of the push are
                      mainly functions of the strength of the push and in
                      particular the latter depends on the initial arm posture of
                      the pushed participants. Our results can contribute to a
                      deeper understanding of the microscopic causes of
                      macroscopic phenomena in large groups, and can be applied to
                      inform models of pedestrian dynamics or validate them,
                      ultimately improving crowd safety.},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) / CrowdDNA -
                      TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED CROWD MANAGEMENT
                      (899739)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111 / G:(EU-Grant)899739},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000999823300001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106173},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1007496},
}