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@ARTICLE{Dronse:1007825,
      author       = {Dronse, Julian and Ohndorf, Anna and Richter, Nils and
                      Bischof, Gérard N. and Fassbender, Ronja and Behfar, Qumars
                      and Gramespacher, Hannes and Dillen, Kim and Jacobs, Heidi
                      I. L. and Kukolja, Juraj and Fink, Gereon R. and Onur,
                      Özgür},
      title        = {{S}erum cortisol is negatively related to hippocampal
                      volume, brain structure, and memory performance in healthy
                      aging and {A}lzheimer’s disease},
      journal      = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
      volume       = {15},
      issn         = {1663-4365},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02210},
      pages        = {1154112},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {ORIGINAL RESEARCH articleFront. Aging Neurosci., 12 May
                      2023Sec. Alzheimer's Disease and Related DementiasVolume 15
                      - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1154112},
      abstract     = {Objective: Elevated cortisol levels have been frequently
                      reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and linked to brain
                      atrophy, especially of the hippocampus. Besides, high
                      cortisol levels have been shown to impair memory performance
                      and increase the risk of developing AD in healthy
                      individuals. We investigated the associations between serum
                      cortisol levels, hippocampal volume, gray matter volume and
                      memory performance in healthy aging and AD.Methods: In our
                      cross-sectional study, we analyzed the relationships between
                      morning serum cortisol levels, verbal memory performance,
                      hippocampal volume, and whole-brain voxel-wise gray matter
                      volume in an independent sample of 29 healthy seniors (HS)
                      and 29 patients along the spectrum of biomarker-based
                      AD.Results: Cortisol levels were significantly elevated in
                      patients with AD as compared to HS, and higher cortisol
                      levels were correlated with worse memory performance in AD.
                      Furthermore, higher cortisol levels were significantly
                      associated with smaller left hippocampal volumes in HS and
                      indirectly negatively correlated to memory function through
                      hippocampal volume. Higher cortisol levels were further
                      related to lower gray matter volume in the hippocampus and
                      temporal and parietal areas in the left hemisphere in both
                      groups. The strength of this association was similar in HS
                      and AD.Conclusion: In AD, cortisol levels are elevated and
                      associated with worse memory performance. Furthermore, in
                      healthy seniors, higher cortisol levels show a detrimental
                      relationship with brain regions typically affected by AD.
                      Thus, increased cortisol levels seem to be indirectly linked
                      to worse memory function even in otherwise healthy
                      individuals. Cortisol may therefore not only serve as a
                      biomarker of increased risk for AD, but maybe even more
                      importantly, as an early target for preventive and
                      therapeutic interventions.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {37251803},
      UT           = {WOS:000994596000001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnagi.2023.1154112},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1007825},
}