% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Sato:1008327,
      author       = {Sato, Kaoru and Tomikawa, Yoshihiro and Kohma, Masashi and
                      Yasui, Ryosuke and Koshin, Dai and Okui, Haruka and
                      Watanabe, Shingo and Miyazaki, Kazuyuki and Tsutsumi, Masaki
                      and Murphy, Damian and Meek, Chris and Tian, Yufang and Ern,
                      Manfred and Baumgarten, Gerd and Chau, Jorge L. and Chu,
                      Xinzhao and Collins, Richard and Espy, Patrick J. and
                      Hashiguchi, Hiroyuki and Kavanagh, Andrew J. and Latteck,
                      Ralph and Lübken, Franz-Josef and Milla, Marco and Nozawa,
                      Satonori and Ogawa, Yasunobu and Shiokawa, Kazuo and
                      Alexander, M. Joan and Nakamura, Takuji and Ward, William
                      E.},
      title        = {{I}nterhemispheric {C}oupling {S}tudy by {O}bservations and
                      {M}odelling ({ICSOM}): {C}oncept, {C}ampaigns, and {I}nitial
                      {R}esults},
      journal      = {JGR / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {128},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02289},
      pages        = {e2022JD038249},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {An international joint research project, entitled
                      Interhemispheric Coupling Study by Observations and
                      Modelling (ICSOM), is ongoing. In the late 2000s, an
                      interesting form of interhemispheric coupling (IHC) was
                      discovered: when warming occurs in the winter polar
                      stratosphere, the upper mesosphere in the summer hemisphere
                      also becomes warmer with a time lag of days. This IHC
                      phenomenon is considered to be a coupling through processes
                      in the middle atmosphere (i.e., stratosphere, mesosphere,
                      and lower thermosphere). Several plausible mechanisms have
                      been proposed so far, but they are still controversial. This
                      is mainly because of the difficulty in observing and
                      simulating gravity waves (GWs) at small scales, despite the
                      important role they are known to play in middle atmosphere
                      dynamics. In this project, by networking sparsely but
                      globally distributed radars, mesospheric GWs have been
                      simultaneously observed in seven boreal winters since
                      2015/16. We have succeeded in capturing five stratospheric
                      sudden warming events and two polar vortex intensification
                      events. This project also includes the development of a new
                      data assimilation system to generate long-term reanalysis
                      data for the whole middle atmosphere, and simulations by a
                      state-of-the-art GW-permitting general circulation model
                      using the reanalysis data as initial values. By analyzing
                      data from these observations, data assimilation, and model
                      simulation, comprehensive studies to investigate the
                      mechanism of IHC are planned. This paper provides an
                      overview of ICSOM, but even initial results suggest that not
                      only GWs but also large-scale waves are important for the
                      mechanism of the IHC.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001022729100001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2022JD038249},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1008327},
}