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@INPROCEEDINGS{Shimoura:1009485,
      author       = {Shimoura, Renan and Roque, Antonio Carlos and van Albada,
                      Sacha},
      title        = {{V}isual alpha generators in a full-density spiking
                      thalamocortical model},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02822},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {References:[1] Clayton, M. S., Yeung, N., $\&$ Cohen
                      Kadosh, R. (2017). European Journal of Neuroscience, 48(7),
                      2498-2508.[2] Silva, L., Amitai, Y., $\&$ Connors, B.
                      (1991). Science, 251(4992), 432–435.[3] Roberts, J. A.,
                      $\&$ Robinson, P. A. (2008). Journal of Theoretical Biology,
                      253(1), 189–201.[4] Van Kerkoerle, T., Self, M. W.,
                      Dagnino, B., Gariel-Mathis, M. A., Poort, J., Van Der Togt,
                      C., $\&$ Roelfsema, P. R. (2014). Proceedings of the
                      National Academy of Sciences, 111(40), 14332-14341.[5]
                      Bollimunta, A., Mo, J., Schroeder, C. E., $\&$ Ding, M.
                      (2011). Journal of Neuroscience, 31(13), 4935-4943.},
      abstract     = {The alpha rhythm (~10 Hz) is one of the most prominent
                      features in waking electroencephalograms of a variety of
                      mammals. It is mainly observed in occipitoparietal regions
                      during the eyes-closed resting state. Although alpha is
                      strongly associated with reduced visual attention, it is
                      also related to other functions such as regulation of timing
                      and temporal resolution of perception, and transmission
                      facilitation of predictions to visual cortex [1].
                      Understanding how and where this rhythm is generated can
                      elucidate its functions. Even today there is no definitive
                      answer to this question, though several hypotheses put
                      forward thalamus and cortex as possible protagonists.In this
                      work, we built a full-density spiking thalamocortical model,
                      including the primary visual cortex (V1) and the lateral
                      geniculate nucleus (LGN), to study two potential alpha
                      rhythm generators: 1) rhythmic bursts produced by pyramidal
                      neurons in L5 at around 10 Hz [2]; 2) a thalamocortical loop
                      delay of approximately 100 ms, as suggested in mean-field
                      models [3]. The cortical component of our model covers 1 mm2
                      of V1 surface and is divided into four layers (L2/3, L4, L5,
                      and L6), each containing excitatory and inhibitory
                      populations. The thalamic network comprises an excitatory
                      and an inhibitory population. All neurons were simulated by
                      the adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire model. Cortical
                      neurons in L4 and L6 receive thalamocortical connections,
                      and L6 neurons provide feedback projections to the thalamus.
                      We performed all network simulations using the NEST
                      simulator. The resulting spiking activity was recorded and
                      compared with experimental data by means of power spectra
                      and Granger Causality (GC) analysis.Our results show that
                      both mechanisms are capable of generating and spreading
                      alpha oscillations through the layers, but with different
                      laminar patterns. In Hypothesis 1, the GC analysis suggests
                      that the alpha rhythm mainly originates in L5 and L2/3, as
                      reported in experimental studies with macaques where
                      top-down feedback alpha was observed [4]. On the other hand,
                      Hypothesis 2 points to L4 and L6 as the primary source
                      layers, which may be interpreted as feedforward alpha
                      propagation and matches laminar patterns observed in another
                      macaque study [5]. Furthermore, combining both mechanisms
                      resulted in a summation of effects, with GC in the alpha
                      range emanating from all layers. Thus, our findings suggest
                      that the two mechanisms may contribute differently to alpha
                      rhythms, with distinct laminar patterns, and may be
                      expressed either separately or in tandem under different
                      conditions.},
      month         = {Jul},
      date          = {2023-07-15},
      organization  = {32nd Annual Computational Neuroscience
                       Meeting CNS*2023, Leipzig (Germany), 15
                       Jul 2023 - 19 Jul 2023},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {INM-6 / IAS-6 / INM-10},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-6-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-6-20130828 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)INM-10-20170113},
      pnm          = {5231 - Neuroscientific Foundations (POF4-523) / HBP SGA2 -
                      Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 2 (785907) /
                      HBP SGA3 - Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 3
                      (945539) / DFG project 347572269 - Heterogenität von
                      Zytoarchitektur, Chemoarchitektur und Konnektivität in
                      einem großskaligen Computermodell der menschlichen
                      Großhirnrinde (347572269)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5231 / G:(EU-Grant)785907 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)945539 / G:(GEPRIS)347572269},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2023-02822},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1009485},
}