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@ARTICLE{Schiavone:1009542,
      author       = {Schiavone, Maria-Maddalena and Lamparelli, David Hermann
                      and Daniel, Christophe and Golla, Manuchar and Zhao, Yue and
                      Iwase, Hiroki and Arima-Osonoi, Hiroshi and Takata,
                      Shin-ichi and Szentmiklosi, Laszlo and Maroti, Boglarka and
                      Allgaier, Jürgen and Radulescu, Aurel},
      title        = {{E}xtended {Q} -range small-angle neutron scattering to
                      understand the morphology of proton-exchange membranes: the
                      case of the functionalized syndiotactic-polystyrene model
                      system},
      journal      = {Journal of applied crystallography},
      volume       = {56},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0021-8898},
      address      = {[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02866},
      pages        = {947-960},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Semi-crystalline polymers exhibit microphase separation
                      into crystalline and amorphous domains characterized by
                      multiple structural levels with sizes ranging from
                      ångströms to hundreds of nanometres. The combination of
                      small-angle (SANS) and wide-angle (WANS) neutron scattering
                      on the same beamline enables reliable in situ
                      characterization of such materials under
                      application-relevant conditions, with the unique advantage
                      of contrast variation by controlled labelling, allowing the
                      structure of such multi-component systems to be resolved in
                      detail. This paper reports a structural analysis performed
                      on deuterated polymer membranes based on syndiotactic
                      polystyrene (sPS) using an extended Q-range SANS and WANS
                      combination, always with the same neutron scattering
                      instrument, either a pinhole SANS diffractometer installed
                      at a research reactor or a `small- and wide-angle'
                      time-of-flight diffractometer installed at a neutron
                      spallation source. sPS is a semi-crystalline material that
                      becomes hydrophilic and proton conducting when suitable
                      functionalization is achieved by thin film sulfonation, and
                      can form various co-crystalline complexes (clathrates) with
                      small organic molecules stored in the crystalline phase as
                      guests in the vacancies between the polymer helices.
                      Therefore, this material is interesting not only for its
                      conducting properties but also for its versatility as a
                      model system to evaluate the usefulness of extended Q-range
                      neutron scattering in such studies. Variation of neutron
                      contrast was achieved in the amorphous hydrophilic phase by
                      using H2O or D2O to hydrate the membranes and in the
                      crystalline phase by loading the clathrates with deuterated
                      or protonated guest molecules. The experimental approach,
                      the advantages and limitations of the two types of
                      instrumentation used in such analyses, and the main results
                      obtained with respect to the structural characterization of
                      sulfonated sPS membranes under different hydration and
                      temperature conditions are reported, and the potential of
                      this method for similar structural studies on other
                      semi-crystalline polymeric materials is discussed.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-1 / JCNS-4 / MLZ},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-1-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-4-20201012 /
                      I:(DE-588b)4597118-3},
      pnm          = {6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron Research (JCNS) (FZJ)
                      (POF4-6G4) / 632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and
                      Functional Materials (POF4-632)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G4 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)KWS2-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {37555213},
      UT           = {WOS:001046279800004},
      doi          = {10.1107/S1600576723005496},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1009542},
}