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@ARTICLE{Ravishankar:1009747,
      author       = {Ravishankar, Sandheep and Liu, Zhifa and Wang, Yueming and
                      Kirchartz, Thomas and Rau, Uwe},
      title        = {{H}ow {C}harge {C}arrier {E}xchange between {A}bsorber and
                      {C}ontact {I}nfluences {T}ime {C}onstants in the {F}requency
                      {D}omain {R}esponse of {P}erovskite {S}olar {C}ells},
      journal      = {PRX energy},
      volume       = {2},
      number       = {3},
      address      = {College Park, MD},
      publisher    = {American Physical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02967},
      pages        = {033006},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {A model is derived for the frequency and time domain
                      optoelectronic response of perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
                      that emphasizes the role of charge carrier exchange, i.e.,
                      extraction and injection, from (to) the perovskite through
                      the transport layer to (from) the collecting electrode. This
                      process is described by a charge carrier exchange velocity
                      that depends on the mobility and electric field inside the
                      transport layer. The losses implied by this process are
                      modeled in an equivalent circuit model in the form of a
                      voltage-dependent transport layer resistance. The analysis
                      of the model predicts that the voltage dependence of the
                      measured time constants allows discriminating situations
                      where the transport layer properties dominate the
                      experimental response. Application of this method to
                      experimental impedance spectroscopy data identifies charge
                      extraction velocities between 1 and 100 cm/s under 1-sun
                      open-circuit conditions for p-i-n PSCs with poly(triaryl
                      amine) as the hole transport layer; this corresponds to
                      transport layer mobilities between 10−4 and
                      3 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. The model paves the way
                      for an accurate estimation of the photocurrent and fill
                      factor losses in PSCs caused by low mobilities in the
                      transport layers, using small-perturbation measurements in
                      the time and frequency domain.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {1215 - Simulations, Theory, Optics, and Analytics (STOA)
                      (POF4-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1215},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1103/PRXEnergy.2.033006},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1009747},
}