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@ARTICLE{Meiner:1010196,
      author       = {Meißner, Anna-Katharina and Gutsche, Robin and Galldiks,
                      Norbert and Kocher, Martin and Jünger, Stephanie T. and
                      Eich, Marie-Lisa and Nogova, Lucia and Araceli, Tommaso and
                      Schmidt, Nils Ole and Ruge, Maximilian I. and Goldbrunner,
                      Roland and Proescholdt, Martin and Grau, Stefan and Lohmann,
                      Philipp},
      title        = {{R}adiomics for the non-invasive prediction of {PD}-{L}1
                      expression in patients with brain metastases secondary to
                      non-small cell lung cancer},
      journal      = {Journal of neuro-oncology},
      volume       = {163},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {0167-594x},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-03007},
      pages        = {597 - 605},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {„Open access publication funded by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) –
                      491111487“},
      abstract     = {BackgroundThe expression level of the programmed cell death
                      ligand 1 (PD-L1) appears to be a predictor for response to
                      immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors in patients with
                      non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As differences in terms
                      of PD-L1 expression levels in the extracranial primary tumor
                      and the brain metastases may occur, a reliable method for
                      the non-invasive assessment of the intracranial PD-L1
                      expression is, therefore of clinical value. Here, we
                      evaluated the potential of radiomics for a non-invasive
                      prediction of PD-L1 expression in patients with brain
                      metastases secondary to NSCLC.Patients and
                      methodsFifty-three NSCLC patients with brain metastases from
                      two academic neuro-oncological centers (group 1, n = 36
                      patients; group 2, n = 17 patients) underwent tumor
                      resection with a subsequent immunohistochemical evaluation
                      of the PD-L1 expression. Brain metastases were manually
                      segmented on preoperative T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI.
                      Group 1 was used for model training and validation, group 2
                      for model testing. After image pre-processing and radiomics
                      feature extraction, a test-retest analysis was performed to
                      identify robust features prior to feature selection. The
                      radiomics model was trained and validated using random
                      stratified cross-validation. Finally, the best-performing
                      radiomics model was applied to the test data. Diagnostic
                      performance was evaluated using receiver operating
                      characteristic (ROC) analyses.ResultsAn intracranial PD-L1
                      expression (i.e., staining of at least $1\%$ or more of
                      tumor cells) was present in 18 of 36 patients $(50\%)$ in
                      group 1, and 7 of 17 patients $(41\%)$ in group 2.
                      Univariate analysis identified the contrast-enhancing tumor
                      volume as a significant predictor for PD-L1 expression (area
                      under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.77). A random forest classifier
                      using a four-parameter radiomics signature, including tumor
                      volume, yielded an AUC of 0.83 ± 0.18 in the training
                      data (group 1), and an AUC of 0.84 in the external test data
                      (group 2).ConclusionThe developed radiomics classifiers
                      allows for a non-invasive assessment of the intracranial
                      PD-L1 expression in patients with brain metastases secondary
                      to NSCLC with high accuracy.},
      cin          = {INM-3 / INM-4},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406},
      pnm          = {5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525) / DFG
                      project 491111487 - Open-Access-Publikationskosten / 2022 -
                      2024 / Forschungszentrum Jülich (OAPKFZJ) (491111487)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252 / G:(GEPRIS)491111487},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {37382806},
      UT           = {WOS:001022079900002},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11060-023-04367-7},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1010196},
}