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@ARTICLE{Nieberding:1010227,
      author       = {Nieberding, Felix and Huisman, Johan Alexander and Huebner,
                      Christof and Schilling, Bernd and Weuthen, Ansgar and
                      Bogena, Heye},
      title        = {{E}valuation of {T}hree {S}oil {M}oisture {P}rofile
                      {S}ensors {U}sing {L}aboratory and {F}ield {E}xperiments},
      journal      = {Sensors},
      volume       = {23},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {1424-8220},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-03029},
      pages        = {6581 -},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {The grants for this paper can not be selected from the drop
                      down menu. As stated in the paper: This research was funded
                      by the BMBF BioökonomieREVIER funding scheme with
                      its“BioRevierPlus” project “DG-RR” (grant number
                      031B1137DX) and BMBF funding measure WaX, project
                      “SpreeWasser:N” (grant number 02WEE1633I). Maybe these
                      can be added to the list?Best regards,Felix Nieberding},
      abstract     = {Soil moisture profile sensors (SMPSs) have a high potential
                      for climate-smart agriculture due to their easy handling and
                      ability to perform simultaneous measurements at different
                      depths. To date, an accurate and easy-to-use method for the
                      evaluation of long SMPSs is not available. In this study, we
                      developed laboratory and field experiments to evaluate three
                      different SMPSs (SoilVUE10, $Drill\&Drop,$ and SMT500) in
                      terms of measurement accuracy, sensor-to-sensor variability,
                      and temperature stability. The laboratory experiment
                      features a temperature-controlled lysimeter to evaluate
                      intra-sensor variability and temperature stability of SMPSs.
                      The field experiment features a water level-controlled
                      sandbox and reference TDR measurements to evaluate the soil
                      water measurement accuracy of the SMPS. In both experiments,
                      a well-characterized fine sand was used as measurement
                      medium to ensure homogeneous dielectric properties in the
                      measurement domain of the sensors. The laboratory
                      experiments with the lysimeter showed that the $Drill\&Drop$
                      sensor has the highest temperature sensitivity with a
                      decrease of 0.014 m3 m−3 per 10 °C, but at the same time
                      showed the lowest intra- and inter-sensor variability. The
                      field experiment with the sandbox showed that all three
                      SMPSs have a similar performance (average RMSE ≈ 0.023 m3
                      m−3) with higher uncertainties at intermediate soil
                      moisture contents. The presented combination of laboratory
                      and field tests were found to be well suited to evaluate the
                      performance of SMPSs and will be used to test additional
                      SMPSs in the future.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {37514878},
      UT           = {WOS:001036612800001},
      doi          = {10.3390/s23146581},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1010227},
}