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@ARTICLE{Kaandorp:1014743,
      author       = {Kaandorp, Mikael and Lobelle, Delphine and Kehl, Christian
                      and Dijkstra, Henk A. and van Sebille, Erik},
      title        = {{G}lobal mass of buoyant marine plastics dominated by large
                      long-lived debris},
      journal      = {Nature geoscience},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1752-0894},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-03433},
      pages        = {689 - 694},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The fate of plastics that enter the ocean is a longstanding
                      puzzle. Recent estimates of the oceanic input of plastic are
                      one to two orders of magnitude larger than the amount
                      measured floating at the surface. This discrepancy could be
                      due to overestimation of input estimates, processes removing
                      plastic from the surface ocean or fragmentation and
                      degradation. Here we present a 3D global marine mass budget
                      of buoyant plastics that resolves this discrepancy. We
                      assimilate observational data from different marine
                      reservoirs, including coastlines, the ocean surface, and the
                      deep ocean, into a numerical model, considering particle
                      sizes of 0.1–1,600.0 mm. We find that larger plastics
                      (>25 mm) contribute to more than $95\%$ of the initially
                      buoyant marine plastic mass: 3,100 out of 3,200 kilotonnes
                      for the year 2020. Our model estimates an ocean plastic
                      input of about 500 kilotonnes per year, less than previous
                      estimates. Together, our estimated total amount and annual
                      input of buoyant marine plastic litter suggest there is no
                      missing sink of marine plastic pollution. The results
                      support higher residence times of plastics in the marine
                      environment compared with previous model studies, in line
                      with observational evidence. Long-lived plastic pollution in
                      the world’s oceans, which our model suggests is continuing
                      to increase, could negatively impact ecosystems without
                      countermeasures and prevention strategies.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001043707800001},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41561-023-01216-0},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1014743},
}