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@ARTICLE{Liu:1014778,
      author       = {Liu, Mingzhao and Hoffmann, Lars and Griessbach, Sabine and
                      Cai, Zhongyin and Heng, Yi and Wu, Xue},
      title        = {{I}mproved representation of volcanic sulfur dioxide
                      depletion in {L}agrangian transport simulations: a case
                      study with {MPTRAC} v2.4},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {17},
      issn         = {1991-959X},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-03462},
      pages        = {5197 - 5217},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The lifetime of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the Earth's
                      atmosphere varies from orders of hours to weeks, mainly
                      depending on whether cloud water is present or not. The
                      volcanic eruption on Ambae Island, Vanuatu, in July 2018
                      injected a large amount of SO2 into the upper troposphere
                      and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) region with abundant cloud
                      cover. In-cloud removal is therefore expected to play an
                      important role during long-range transport and dispersion of
                      SO2. In order to better represent the rapid decay processes
                      of SO2 observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
                      and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) in
                      Lagrangian transport simulations, we simulate the SO2 decay
                      in a more realistic manner compared to our earlier work,
                      considering gas-phase hydroxyl (OH) chemistry, aqueous-phase
                      hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) chemistry, wet deposition, and
                      convection. The either newly developed or improved chemical
                      and physical modules are implemented in the Lagrangian
                      transport model Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations
                      (MPTRAC) and tested in a case study for the July 2018 Ambae
                      eruption. To access the dependencies of the SO2 lifetime on
                      the complex atmospheric conditions, sensitivity tests are
                      conducted by tuning the control parameters, e.g., by
                      changing the release height, the predefined OH climatology
                      data, the cloud pH value, the cloud cover, and other
                      variables. Wet deposition and aqueous-phase H2O2 oxidation
                      remarkably increased the decay rate of the SO2 total mass,
                      which leads to a rapid and more realistic depletion of the
                      Ambae plume. The improved representation of chemical and
                      physical SO2 loss processes described here is expected to
                      lead to more realistic Lagrangian transport simulations of
                      volcanic eruption events with MPTRAC in future work.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001161767700001},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmd-16-5197-2023},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1014778},
}