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@ARTICLE{Zhang:1016833,
      author       = {Zhang, Yufan and Agravante, Gerard and Kadyk, Thomas and
                      Eikerling, Michael},
      title        = {{M}odeling water phenomena in the cathode side of polymer
                      electrolyte fuel cells},
      journal      = {Electrochimica acta},
      volume       = {452},
      issn         = {0013-4686},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-03817},
      pages        = {142228},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Water exerts a crucial influence on the performance of a
                      polymer electrolyte fuel cell as both “catalyst activating
                      agent” and “oxygen blocker”. Therefore, fine-tuningthe
                      water distribution is imperative for high performance. In
                      this work, we present a water balance model to calculate the
                      distribution of liquid water in cathodecatalyst layer and
                      diffusion media. The model incorporates the influence of the
                      local liquid water saturation on the effective transport
                      properties. Liquid watersaturation is both a composition
                      variable determining the effective properties and a variable
                      that depends on the solution of the transport equations that
                      use theeffective properties. The model reveals the formation
                      of a thin water layer in the diffusion medium adjacent to
                      the catalyst layer at high current density. Thisinterfacial
                      water layer strongly impedes oxygen transport and reduces
                      the oxygen concentration in the catalyst layer, which causes
                      a drastic increase in the voltageloss at high current
                      density that drastically reduces the cell performance. We
                      elucidate the origin of the water layer, present parametric
                      studies of this effect, andpropose mitigation strategies.
                      The fundamental understanding gained will aid the
                      development of membrane electrode assemblies with tailored
                      pore networkproperties to achieve vital improvements in
                      performance.},
      cin          = {IEK-13},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-13-20190226},
      pnm          = {1222 - Components and Cells (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000972486700001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142228},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1016833},
}