TY  - JOUR
AU  - Küpper, Mira
AU  - Seyfried, Armin
TI  - Waiting in crowded places - influence of number of pedestrians, waiting time and obstacles
JO  - Interface
VL  - 20
IS  - 206
SN  - 1742-5689
CY  - London
PB  - The Royal Society
M1  - FZJ-2023-03904
SP  - 20230193
PY  - 2023
AB  - At crowded places, like railway platforms at rush hour, the spatial distribution of waiting pedestrians has a significant influence on performance and level of comfort. However, the choice of waiting places and the resulting spatial distribution of the crowd have rarely been studied. This study investigates the effects of obstacles, number of passengers and waiting time on the distribution of waiting passengers. Laboratory experiments were performed using a mock-up platform with three setups: without obstacles, with a narrow and a wide obstacle. Density profiles determine preferred waiting places. While the space usage by waiting passengers is inhomogeneous, the distances between the individuals show surprisingly small variations, regardless of obstacles and number of passengers. This suggests a robust collective optimisation of the crowd when searching for waiting positions. In doing so, and without necessity, the participants chose distances to each other extending into the personal zone specified in classical personal-space-concepts. These results indicate necessary refinements of the concept by considering context and collective behaviour. The findings are transformed into floorfields modelling the space usage by a superposition of attractive or repulsive areas which consider optimisation of distances and comfort. This model does not only reproduce the waiting places at platforms but can be adapted for other use cases.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - 37700712
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:001066192300004
DO  - DOI:10.1098/rsif.2023.0193
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1017062
ER  -