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@ARTICLE{Gao:1017126,
      author       = {Gao, Huiran and Zhang, Zhijie and Chen, Hao and Zhang,
                      Wanchang and Xu, Chong and Yi, Yaning and Liu, Jinping and
                      Xiao, Zikang},
      title        = {{I}mpacts of seasonally frozen soil hydrothermal dynamics
                      on the watershed hydrological processes inferred from a
                      spatially distributed numerical modelling approach},
      journal      = {Journal of hydrology},
      volume       = {624},
      issn         = {0022-1694},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-03947},
      pages        = {129947 -},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Ein Postprint kann leider nicht zur Verfügung gestellt
                      werden!},
      abstract     = {The freeze–thaw cycle over the surface seasonally frozen
                      soil is an important soil hydrothermal dynamic process
                      linking land surface processes and climatic changes in the
                      cold regions. With the advancement of frozen soil
                      hydrothermal dynamic studies and remote sensing technology,
                      the simulation of frozen soil hydrological processes based
                      on the distributed numerical model has become a hotspot to
                      better understand the impact of frozen soil hydrothermal
                      dynamics on the watershed hydrological processes in the cold
                      regions over a large spatial scale. However, the
                      quantitative analysis of the impact of seasonally frozen
                      soil hydrothermal processes on watershed runoff at long-term
                      time scales remained an unsolved issue in the field of
                      frozen soil hydrology. Under the framework of the watershed
                      distributed eco-hydrological model ESSI-3, a fully
                      distributed frozen soil hydro-thermal processes integrated
                      modeling system (FFIMS model) was established based on the
                      coupled water and heat transferring mechanism for frozen
                      soil hydro-thermal process simulations in the frozen surface
                      or at a certain depth of a watershed. By coupling the FFIMS
                      model with the distributed eco-hydrological model ESSI-3,
                      the impacts of seasonally frozen soil hydrothermal processes
                      on hydrological processes were investigated from the
                      perspective of temporal-spatial domain with the simulated
                      hydrothermal and hydrological processes for a long-term
                      period from 2008 to 2016 over a watershed located in the
                      cold region of Northeastern China. The results suggested
                      that the soil freeze–thaw cycling posed different impacts
                      with limited significance throughout the whole hydrological
                      processes of the watershed in different seasons. Significant
                      impacts on the hydrological processes were particularly
                      observed in the thawing period of a year, when soil ice
                      meltwater contributing to the discharge of the study
                      watershed reached to about $35\%$ in average in this period.
                      ESSI-3 coupled with the FFIMS modelling system obviously
                      improved the performance of the original ESSI-3 in cold
                      region watershed simulations, and the averaged Nash
                      efficiency coefficients obtained increased from almost 0 to
                      0.77 in the thawing period of a year. The study demonstrated
                      the importance of application of spatially distributed
                      numerical model with physical mechanism for seasonally
                      frozen soil water and heat transfer process simulations.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001048829900001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129947},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1017126},
}