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@ARTICLE{sten:1017201,
      author       = {Üsten, Ezel and Sieben, Anna},
      title        = {{D}on’t stop me now: {P}sychological effects of
                      interrupting a moving pedestrian crowd and a video game},
      journal      = {PLOS ONE},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {San Francisco, California, US},
      publisher    = {PLOS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-04012},
      pages        = {e0287583 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Interruptions are a part of our everyday lives. They are
                      inevitable in complex societies, especially when many people
                      move from one place to another as a part of their daily
                      routines. The main aim of this research is to understand the
                      effects of interruptions on individuals from a psychological
                      and crowd dynamics perspective. Two studies were conducted
                      to investigate this issue, with each focusing on different
                      types of interruptions and examining their psychological
                      (emotion, motivation, arousal) and physiological (heart
                      rate) components. Study 1 examined interruptions in a video
                      game setting and systematically varied goal proximity (N =
                      61). It was hypothesized that being interrupted in the later
                      stages of goal pursuit would create a high aroused
                      impatience state, while interruptions in the earlier stages
                      would produce a low aroused boredom state. However, the
                      results showed that the hypothesized groupwise differences
                      were not observed. Instead, interruptions created annoyance
                      in all conditions, both psychologically and physiologically.
                      Study 2 investigated interruptions in pedestrian crowds (N =
                      301) and used a basic motivational dichotomy of high and low
                      motivation. In the experiments, crowds (80–100
                      participants) were asked to imagine that they were entering
                      a concert hall consisting of a narrow bottleneck. The low
                      motivation group reported feeling bored during the
                      interruption, while the high motivation group reported
                      feeling impatient. Additionally, a motivational decrease was
                      observed for the high motivation group due to the
                      interruption. This drop in motivation after the interruption
                      is also reflected in the measured density (person/m2) in
                      front of the bottleneck. Overall, both studies showed that
                      interruption can have significant effects on individuals,
                      including psychological and physiological impacts. The
                      observed motivational decrease through interruption is
                      particularly relevant for crowd management, but further
                      investigation is needed to understand the context-specific
                      effects of interruptions.},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) / Croma - Crowd
                      Management in Transport Infrastructures (BMBF-DB001534)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111 / G:(DE-Juel-1)BMBF-DB001534},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {37450434},
      UT           = {WOS:001031549800045},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0287583},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1017201},
}