001017210 001__ 1017210
001017210 005__ 20231130201844.0
001017210 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.34734/FZJ-2023-04021
001017210 037__ $$aFZJ-2023-04021
001017210 041__ $$aEnglish
001017210 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)178979$$aSieben, Anna$$b0$$ufzj
001017210 1112_ $$a11th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics$$cEindhoven$$d2023-06-28 - 2023-06-30$$gPED2023$$wNetherlands
001017210 245__ $$aReconstruction of the Loveparade disaster from the perspective of visitors. Analysis of witness statements
001017210 260__ $$c2023
001017210 3367_ $$033$$2EndNote$$aConference Paper
001017210 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOther
001017210 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aINPROCEEDINGS
001017210 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aconferenceObject
001017210 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aLECTURE_SPEECH
001017210 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)6$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aConference Presentation$$bconf$$mconf$$s1701352414_2440$$xAfter Call
001017210 520__ $$aIn the Loveparade disaster in 2010 a very dense crowd situation appeared in which 21 visitors of the dance festival were killed, and several hundred injured. This paper presents an analysis of a random selection of 136 witness statements of visitors who had been within this life-threatening crowd. It combines perspectives from psychology and physics. In addition to analyses of the complex, multifactorial overall situation that led to the disaster [1] or of the dynamics of the crowd from above on the basis of CCTV footage [2] this study approaches the dynamics from within, from the perspective of visitors. They had been interviewed by police officers in the hours, day, or weeks after the disaster. This material can now be analyzed scientifically after the judicial process ended in 2020 without a verdict. Eyewitnesses describe how they perceived the situation, how they (and others) behaved and what they experienced. Furthermore, they can provide information about what collective dynamics there were in the crowd and how they affected their bodies.Psychologically, the situation is characterized on the one hand by a strongly limited perception (only the backs of the direct neighbors are seen, free areas in the back are not noticed, the danger of the situation is noticed only late) and on the other hand by a very good perceptibility of the possibilities to climb out of the crowd caught on the ramp via the stairs or the poles. This has led to a strong pressure in the direction of the stairs and poles. At the same time, visitors most often describe that they helped each other. Even though fear of death is reported, the witnesses contradict the idea that there was a mass panic. As the most dangerous dynamics a combination of falls (often after people had fainted) and transversal waves could be reconstructed. Falling people can create a hole in a tightly packed crowd. Due to the pressure people at the edge of the hole are pulled in, creating a pile of wedged bodies. These results are in conformance to reconstructions of other disasters (i.e. [3]). In comparison to the case analyzed in [3] the situation at the Loveparade is more complex. In addition, the study presented here relies on a larger amount of data, and a more systematic content analysis of physical and psychological aspects. This methodology allows to describe the dangerous dynamics in a high level of detail.Bibliography[1]	 Gerlach J. Professional processing of causes of the tragic events at the Loveparade Duisburg 2010, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6073264, 2021.[2]	Helbing, D., Mukerji, P., Crowd disasters as systemic failures: analysis of the Loveparade disaster. EPJ Data Science 1, 7. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds7 , 2012.[3] Johnson N. R., 1987. Panic at ''The Who Concert Stampede": An Empirical Assessment, Social Problems, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1987
001017210 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111$$a5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation & Data Life Cycle Labs (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)$$cPOF4-511$$fPOF IV$$x0
001017210 536__ $$0G:(EU-Grant)899739$$aCrowdDNA - TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED CROWD MANAGEMENT (899739)$$c899739$$fH2020-FETOPEN-2018-2019-2020-01$$x1
001017210 536__ $$0G:(DE-Juel-1)BMBF-DB001534$$aCroma - Crowd Management in Transport Infrastructures (BMBF-DB001534)$$cBMBF-DB001534$$x2
001017210 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)132266$$aSeyfried, Armin$$b1$$ufzj
001017210 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1017210/files/ped2023-abstract-seyfried_sieben_2.pdf$$yOpenAccess
001017210 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:1017210$$popenaire$$popen_access$$pVDB$$pdriver$$pec_fundedresources
001017210 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)178979$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b0$$kFZJ
001017210 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)132266$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b1$$kFZJ
001017210 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-511$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF4-510$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF4-500$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF4$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$9G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111$$aDE-HGF$$bKey Technologies$$lEngineering Digital Futures – Supercomputing, Data Management and Information Security for Knowledge and Action$$vEnabling Computational- & Data-Intensive Science and Engineering$$x0
001017210 9141_ $$y2023
001017210 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0510$$2StatID$$aOpenAccess
001017210 920__ $$lyes
001017210 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321$$kIAS-7$$lZivile Sicherheitsforschung$$x0
001017210 980__ $$aconf
001017210 980__ $$aVDB
001017210 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED
001017210 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321
001017210 9801_ $$aFullTexts