% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Lrm:1017300,
      author       = {Lärm, Lena and Bauer, Felix and van der Kruk, Jan and
                      Vanderborght, Jan and Morandage, Shehan and Vereecken, Harry
                      and Schnepf, Andrea and Klotzsche, Anja},
      title        = {{L}inking horizontal crosshole {GPR} variability with root
                      image information for maize crops},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {23},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-04034},
      pages        = {e20293},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Non-invasive imaging of processes within the soil–plant
                      continuum, particularly rootand soilwater distributions, can
                      help optimize agricultural practices such as irrigationand
                      fertilization. In this study, in situ time-lapse horizontal
                      crosshole groundpenetratingradar (GPR) measurements and root
                      images were collected over threemaize crop growing seasons
                      at two minirhizotron facilities (Selhausen, Germany).Root
                      development and GPR permittivity were monitored at six
                      depths (0.1–1.2 m)for different treatments within two soil
                      types. We processed these data in a new waythat gave us the
                      information of the “trend-corrected spatial permittivity
                      deviation ofvegetated field,” allowing us to
                      investigatewhether the presence of roots increases
                      thevariability of GPR permittivity in the soil. This removed
                      the main non-root-relatedinfluencing factors: static
                      influences, such as soil heterogeneities and rhizotube
                      deviations,and dynamic effects, such as seasonal moisture
                      changes. This trend-correctedspatial permittivity deviation
                      showed a clear increase during the growing season,which
                      could be linked with a similar increase in root volume
                      fraction. Additionally,the corresponding probability density
                      functions of the permittivity variability werederived and
                      cross-correlated with the root volume fraction, resulting in
                      a coefficientof determination (R2) above 0.5 for 23 out of
                      46 correlation pairs. Although bothfacilities had different
                      soil types and compaction levels, they had similar numbersof
                      good correlations. A possible explanation for the observed
                      correlation is that thepresence of roots causes a
                      redistribution of soil water, and therefore an increase
                      insoil water variability.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217) / DFG project 390732324 - EXC 2070: PhenoRob -
                      Robotik und Phänotypisierung für Nachhaltige
                      Nutzpflanzenproduktion (390732324) / DFG project 15232683 -
                      TRR 32: Muster und Strukturen in
                      Boden-Pflanzen-Atmosphären-Systemen: Erfassung,
                      Modellierung und Datenassimilation (15232683)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173 / G:(GEPRIS)390732324 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)15232683},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001110683400001},
      doi          = {10.1002/vzj2.20293},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1017300},
}