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@ARTICLE{Martens:1017440,
      author       = {Martens, Christina and Schmid, Bernhard and Tempel, Hermann
                      and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{CO}$_{2}$ flow electrolysis – limiting impact of heat
                      and gas evolution in the electrolyte gap on current density},
      journal      = {Green chemistry},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {19},
      issn         = {1463-9262},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-04136},
      pages        = {7794 - 7806},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Research in CO$_{2}$ electro-reduction with the aim of
                      providing green chemical feedstock (e.g., CO) has been
                      driven towards optimization of individual components such as
                      CO$_{2}$-reducing gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) to achieve
                      stable electrolysis processes. Moving forward, investigation
                      into the performance of electrodes at a cell- and
                      system-level is needed to identify key operational
                      parameters that enhance electrode efficiency. In this study,
                      we characterize self-regulated steady-states within an
                      electrolytic cell. Additionally, we explore the
                      circumstances under which the current density passing
                      through the cell becomes self-limiting. GDE-relevant system
                      parameters and their impact on the overall electrode
                      durability during electrolysis at high current densities up
                      to −1.2 A cm$^{-2}$ were analyzed on an intermediate time
                      scale. Integration of inline sensors to the electrolysis
                      test setup enabled close monitoring of changes in the
                      electrolyte temperature and electrolyte pH, as well as the
                      detection of pressure changes around the cathode. In the
                      presented study, the GDE did not appear to be the bottleneck
                      to achieving high current density CO$_{2}$-electrolysis.
                      Instead, electrolyte heating and gas evolution within the
                      electrolyte gap limited the maximum current densities that
                      could be applied to a GDE flow cell. Our results suggest
                      that electrode performance (selectivity, durability) can
                      sometimes be underestimated when electrolysis cells and
                      their periphery are not optimally suited for operation with
                      GDEs yet, thus preventing performance windows from being
                      reached.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) / 1221 -
                      Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122) / 1222 - Components
                      and Cells (POF4-122) / Verbundvorhaben iNEW: Inkubator
                      Nachhaltige Elektrochemische Wertschöpfungsketten (iNEW) im
                      Rahmen des Gesamtvorhabens Accelerator Nachhaltige
                      Bereitstellung Elektrochemisch Erzeugter Kraft- und
                      Wertstoffe mittels Power-to-X (ANABEL) (03SF0589A) / iNEW2.0
                      (BMBF-03SF0627A) / HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary
                      Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate Research (HITEC)
                      (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222 / G:(BMBF)03SF0589A /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-03SF0627A / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001061644400001},
      doi          = {10.1039/D3GC02140H},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1017440},
}