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@INPROCEEDINGS{Shimoura:1017848,
      author       = {Shimoura, Renan and Roque, Antonio Carlos and van Albada,
                      Sacha},
      title        = {{I}nvestigating alpha rhythm generation in a full-density
                      visual thalamocortical model},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-04362},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {References: [1] Silva, L., Amitai, Y., $\&$ Connors, B.
                      (1991). Science, 251(4992), 432–435.[2] Roberts, J. A.,
                      $\&$ Robinson, P. A. (2008). Journal of Theoretical Biology,
                      253(1), 189–201.[3] Van Kerkoerle, T., Self, M. W.,
                      Dagnino, B., Gariel-Mathis, M. A., Poort, J., Van Der Togt,
                      C., $\&$ Roelfsema, P. R. (2014). Proceedings of the
                      National Academy of Sciences, 111(40), 14332-14341.[4]
                      Bollimunta, A., Mo, J., Schroeder, C. E., $\&$ Ding, M.
                      (2011). Journal of Neuroscience, 31(13), 4935-4943.},
      abstract     = {Background: The alpha rhythm is a brain oscillation with a
                      frequency around 10 Hz that is predominantly associated with
                      spontaneous ongoing activity and manifests in the
                      occipitoparietal regions of various mammalian species during
                      states of eyes-closed rest. While several hypotheses suggest
                      thalamic and cortical circuits as the primary sources, the
                      exact substrates and mechanisms remain elusive.Objectives:
                      The objective of this study is to present a spiking
                      thalamocortical model to explore potential alpha generator
                      hypotheses. The study investigates two candidate mechanisms
                      for alpha generation: 1) rhythmic bursts around 10 Hz
                      produced by pyramidal neurons in L5 [1]; and 2) a
                      thalamocortical loop delay of approximately 100 ms suggested
                      in previous mean-field models [2].Materials and Methods: The
                      model encompasses the primary visual cortex and the lateral
                      geniculate nucleus. The cortical component represents 1 mm2
                      of cortical surface. It is partitioned into four layers
                      (L2/3, L4, L5, and L6), each comprising excitatory and
                      inhibitory spiking neurons modeled using the adaptive
                      exponential integrate-and-fire model. The thalamic network,
                      composed of excitatory and inhibitory populations, is
                      simulated with the same neuron model. Thalamocortical
                      connections are established onto cortical neurons in L4 and
                      L6, with reciprocal feedback from L6 neurons to the
                      thalamus. Based on estimated current source density signals
                      from simulated spiking activity, we compared spectra and
                      Granger causality with experimental data. All network
                      simulations were conducted using the NEST simulator. Results
                      and Conclusions: We analyzed the spontaneous activity of the
                      cortical microcircuit and tested the two hypotheses
                      independently within the model. The findings demonstrate
                      that both mechanisms can support alpha oscillations, albeit
                      with distinct laminar patterns. Hypothesis 1 suggests that
                      Granger causality within the alpha range primarily
                      originates from L5 and L2/3, in a pattern resembling
                      top-down propagation from higher cortical areas, as seen
                      experimentally in a previous study [3]. Hypothesis 2 points
                      to L4 and L6 as the main source layers, corresponding to a
                      bottom-up pattern (from thalamus to cortex), similar to the
                      pattern reported in another experimental study [4].
                      Combining both mechanisms results in a summation of effects,
                      with the alpha oscillation emanating from all layers. The
                      findings suggest that the two mechanisms may contribute
                      differently to alpha rhythms, with distinct laminar
                      patterns, and may be expressed either separately or in
                      tandem under different conditions.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2023-10-26},
      organization  = {2nd Cologne Neuroscience Day, Cologne
                       (Germany), 26 Oct 2023 - 26 Oct 2023},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {INM-6 / IAS-6 / INM-10},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-6-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-6-20130828 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)INM-10-20170113},
      pnm          = {5231 - Neuroscientific Foundations (POF4-523) / HBP SGA2 -
                      Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 2 (785907) /
                      HBP SGA3 - Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 3
                      (945539) / DFG project 347572269 - Heterogenität von
                      Zytoarchitektur, Chemoarchitektur und Konnektivität in
                      einem großskaligen Computermodell der menschlichen
                      Großhirnrinde (347572269)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5231 / G:(EU-Grant)785907 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)945539 / G:(GEPRIS)347572269},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2023-04362},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1017848},
}