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@INPROCEEDINGS{Chervonnyy:1018413,
      author       = {Chervonnyy, Alexey and Schiffer, Christian and Upschulte,
                      Eric and Bludau, Sebastian and Mohlberg, Hartmut and Amunts,
                      Katrin},
      title        = {{H}igh-{R}esolution 3{D} {M}apping of the {H}uman
                      {H}ypothalamus: {T}owards a {C}omprehensive
                      {C}ytoarchitectonic {A}tlas},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-04794},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The hypothalamus is a brain structure that plays a central
                      role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating various
                      physiological and behavioural processes. It encompasses
                      distinct nuclei with diverse microstructure, connectivity,
                      molecular structure and functions, including circadian
                      rhythm regulation, sleep-wake cycles, appetite control,
                      stress response, and thermoregulation. Dysfunctions of the
                      hypothalamus have been reported in the context of cluster
                      headaches, obesity, addictive behaviour, aggressive
                      disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, eating
                      disorders, hypertension, and epilepsy. Despite its
                      importance, the structural organization and precise
                      boundaries of the hypothalamus, as well as the functional
                      differentiation of its nuclei, are still not fully
                      understood. Currently, there are no maps available, which
                      inform neuroimaging studies about the microstructural
                      segregation of the hypothalamus in 3D space. Existing maps
                      of the hypothalamus lack the necessary spatial resolution
                      and morphological detail to provide a comprehensive
                      understanding of this complex region. Therefore, in our
                      project we aim to develop a high-resolution 3D map of the
                      human hypothalamus in order to determine its microstructure
                      and localization in the stereotaxic space.To create a
                      high-resolution 3D reconstruction of the hypothalamus in the
                      BigBrain models, its nuclei were delineated on a subsample
                      of the high-resolution digitized histological sections of
                      the BigBrain datasets (Amunts et al., 2013). To make
                      delineations on every remaining section a deep-learning
                      based brain mapping tool was applied (Schiffer et al.,
                      2021). The model was trained on manual expert annotations on
                      every 15th section in the BigBrain 1 to predict the
                      delineations of the hypothalamus on every remaining
                      sections. The automatically generated maps was re-evaluated
                      to exclude incorrectly delineated sections. The delineations
                      will then be converted into a 3D reconstructed BigBrain
                      space with the use of non-linear registration of the
                      high-resolution digital section (Amunts et al., 2020).
                      Therefore, the resulting map visualized the complex shape of
                      the hypothalamus and its 19 nuclei with high anatomical
                      details.The hypothalamus is divided into different zones,
                      both in the mediolateral and rostrocaudal directions.
                      Mediolaterally, there are three zones: the periventricular
                      zone next to the third ventricle, the medial zone, and the
                      lateral zone mainly occupied by the lateral hypothalamic
                      area. Rostrocaudally, there are four zones: the preoptic
                      zone bordering the lamina terminalis, the anterior zone, the
                      tuberal zone above the infundibulum, and the mammillary
                      zone.In the preoptic zone, we identified several nuclei,
                      including the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, medial
                      preoptic nucleus, median preoptic nucleus, uncinate nucleus,
                      and intermediate hypothalamic nucleus. In the anterior
                      hypothalamic area we distinguished the suprachiasmatic
                      nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part
                      of the periventricular nucleus, and supraoptic nucleus. The
                      tuberal hypothalamic region contains the ventromedial
                      hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus,
                      arcuate nucleus, and tuberal part of the periventricular
                      nucleus. Lastly, in the mammillary region we identified the
                      medial and lateral mammillary nuclei, supramammillary
                      nucleus, tuberomammillary nucleus, and lateral tuberal
                      nucleus.These histology-based maps in 3D provide detailed
                      anatomical information of a complex region of the
                      hypothalamus and serve as a spatial and structural reference
                      for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic neuroimaging
                      studies of the healthy human brain and those of patients.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2023-10-04},
      organization  = {7th BigBrain Workshop, Reykjavík
                       (Iceland), 4 Oct 2023 - 6 Oct 2023},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {INM-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525) / 5254 - Neuroscientific Data Analytics and AI
                      (POF4-525) / HIBALL - Helmholtz International BigBrain
                      Analytics and Learning Laboratory (HIBALL) (InterLabs-0015)
                      / HBP SGA3 - Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 3
                      (945539)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5254 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)InterLabs-0015 / G:(EU-Grant)945539},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1018413},
}