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@ARTICLE{Zheng:1018431,
      author       = {Zheng, Fengshan and Kiselev, Nikolai S. and Rybakov, Filipp
                      N. and Yang, Luyan and Shi, Wen and Blügel, Stefan and
                      Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.},
      title        = {{H}opfion rings in a cubic chiral magnet},
      journal      = {Nature},
      volume       = {623},
      number       = {7988},
      issn         = {0028-0836},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-04806},
      pages        = {718 - 723},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Magnetic skyrmions and hopfions are topological
                      solitons1—well-localized field configurations that have
                      gained considerable attention over the past decade owing to
                      their unique particle-like properties, which make them
                      promising objects for spintronic applications. Skyrmions2,3
                      are two-dimensional solitons resembling vortex-like string
                      structures that can penetrate an entire sample.
                      Hopfions4,5,6,7,8,9 are three-dimensional solitons confined
                      within a magnetic sample volume and can be considered as
                      closed twisted skyrmion strings that take the shape of a
                      ring in the simplest case. Despite extensive research on
                      magnetic skyrmions, the direct observation of magnetic
                      hopfions is challenging10 and has only been reported in a
                      synthetic material11. Here we present direct observations of
                      hopfions in crystals. In our experiment, we use transmission
                      electron microscopy to observe hopfions forming coupled
                      states with skyrmion strings in B20-type FeGe plates. We
                      provide a protocol for nucleating such hopfion rings, which
                      we verify using Lorentz imaging and electron holography. Our
                      results are highly reproducible and in full agreement with
                      micromagnetic simulations. We provide a unified
                      skyrmion–hopfion homotopy classification and offer insight
                      into the diversity of topological solitons in
                      three-dimensional chiral magnets.},
      cin          = {PGI-1 / IAS-1 / ER-C-1},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-1-20090406 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {5211 - Topological Matter (POF4-521) / 3D MAGiC -
                      Three-dimensional magnetization textures: Discovery and
                      control on the nanoscale (856538) / DFG project 403503315 -
                      Grenzflächenstabilisierte Skyrmionen in Oxidstrukturen für
                      die Skyrmionik (403503315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5211 / G:(EU-Grant)856538 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)403503315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {37993571},
      UT           = {WOS:001169158300012},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41586-023-06658-5},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1018431},
}