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@ARTICLE{Schickle:1019053,
      author       = {Schickle, Karolina and Gołda-Cępa, Monika and Parlak
                      Vuslat, Zümray and Grigorev, Nikita and Desante, Gaelle and
                      Chlanda, Adrian and Mazuryk, Olga and Neuhaus, Kerstin and
                      Schmidt, Christina and Amousa, NIma and Drozdz, Kamil and
                      Neuss, Sabine and Pajerski, Wojciech and Esteves-Oliveira,
                      Marcella and Brzychczy-Włoch, Monika and Kotarba, Andrzej
                      and Gonzalez Julian, Jesus},
      title        = {{R}evealing bactericidal events on graphene oxide nano
                      films deposited on metal implant surfaces},
      journal      = {Journal of materials chemistry / B},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {2050-750X},
      address      = {London ˜[u.a.]œ},
      publisher    = {RSC},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-05115},
      pages        = {2494-2504},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {At a time when pathogens are developing strong resistance
                      to antibiotics, ,the demand for microbe-killing surfaces on
                      implants has increased significantly. To achieve this goal,
                      profound understanding of the underlying mechanisms is
                      crucial. We show that graphene oxide (GO) nano-films
                      deposited on stainless steel (SS316L) exhibit superior
                      antibacterial features. The physicochemical properties of GO
                      itself have a crucial impact on the biological events and
                      their diversity may account for the contradictory results
                      reported elsewhere. However, essential properties of GO
                      coatings, such as oxygen content and resulting electrical
                      conductivity, have been overlooked so far. We hypothesized
                      that the surface potential and electrical resistance of the
                      oxygen content in the GO-nano films may induce
                      bacteria-killing events on the conductive metallic
                      substrates. In our study, GO applied contains 52 $wt.\%$ of
                      oxygen, thus exhibits insulating properties. Deposited as
                      nano-film on an electrical conducting steel substrate, GO
                      flakes induce a Schottky-barrier in the interface, which, in
                      consequence, inhibits the transfer of electrons to the
                      conducting, underlying substrate. Deposited as nano-film on
                      an electrical conducting steel substrate, GO flakes can
                      induce Schottky-barrier in the interface, which, in
                      consequence, inhibits the transfer of electrons to the
                      conducting, underlying substrate. Consequently, this
                      generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in
                      bacteria-death. We confirmed the presence of GO coatings and
                      their hydrolytic stability by using X-ray photoelectron
                      spectroscopy (XPS) XPS, μRaman spectroscopy, scanning
                      electron microscopy (SEM), and Kelvin probe force microscope
                      (KPFM) measurements. The biological evaluation was performed
                      on the MG63 osteoblast-like cell line and two elected
                      bacteria species: S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, demonstrating
                      both, cytocompatibility and antibacterial behavior of
                      GO-coated SS316L substrates. We propose a two-step
                      bactericidal mechanism: electron transfer from the bacteria
                      membrane to the substrate, followed by ROS generation. This
                      mechanism is supported by changes in contact angle, surface
                      potential, and work function, identified as decisive
                      factors.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1222 - Components and Cells (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {38170794},
      UT           = {WOS:001135612500001},
      doi          = {10.1039/D3TB01854G},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1019053},
}