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@INPROCEEDINGS{Krause:1019315,
      author       = {Krause, Hans-Joachim},
      title        = {{F}requency {M}ixing {M}agnetic {D}etection of
                      {S}uperparamagnetic {N}anoparticles as {M}arkers for
                      {I}mmunoassays},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-05289},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles exhibit a nonlinear
                      magnetization. Upon magnetic excitation at two distinct
                      frequencies f1 and f2, the nonlinearity gives rise to the
                      generation of response signals at intermodulation
                      frequencies m×f1 ± n×f2 which are picked up by a
                      detection coil and demodulated in a magnetic reader device.
                      The appearance of the mixing components is highly specific
                      to the nonlinearity of the magnetization curve of the
                      particles. Preferably, the response signal at frequency f1 +
                      2×f2 is detected as it gives the strongest response. The
                      method yields a very large dynamic range of detection,
                      extending to more than 4 orders of magnitude in the number
                      of particles. Analysis of the phase of the response gives
                      information on the magnetic relaxation of the particles, and
                      thus on their hydrodynamic size and binding state. Variation
                      of excitation amplitudes or a static magnetic offset field
                      enables determining the size distribution of the
                      particles’ magnetic cores. Magnetic immunoassays for
                      various biomolecular targets such as Cholera toxin B in
                      water, antibiotics in milk, and SARS-CoV-2-specific
                      antibodies in blood have been successfully realized. The
                      magnetic reader enables portable immunodetection at
                      point-of-care, with improved detection limits as compared to
                      conventional lab-based enzyme linked immuno sorbent assays
                      (ELISA).},
      organization  = {JCNS-2 Seminar, Jülich (Germany)},
      subtyp        = {Invited},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524) / DFG project 445454801 - Kombinierter
                      Feldeffekt-/Magnet-Immunsensor-Chip für den
                      markierungsfreien Nachweise von Biomarkern (FEMIC)
                      (445454801)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241 / G:(GEPRIS)445454801},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)31},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1019315},
}