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@ARTICLE{Dahlmanns:1019420,
      author       = {Dahlmanns, Matthias and Kaiser, Franz and Witthaut, Dirk},
      title        = {{O}ptimizing the geometry of transportation networks in the
                      presence of congestion},
      journal      = {Physical review / E},
      volume       = {108},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2470-0045},
      address      = {Woodbury, NY},
      publisher    = {Inst.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-05377},
      pages        = {044302},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Urban transport systems are gaining in importance, as an
                      increasing share of the global population lives in cities
                      and mobility-based carbon emissions must be reduced to
                      mitigate climate change and improve air quality and
                      citizens' health. As a result, public transport systems are
                      prone to congestion, raising the question of how to optimize
                      them to cope with this challenge. In this paper, we analyze
                      the optimal design of urban transport networks to minimize
                      the average travel time in monocentric as well as in
                      polycentric cities. We suggest an elementary model for
                      congestion and introduce a numerical method to determine the
                      optimal shape among a set of predefined geometries
                      considering different models for the behavior of individual
                      travelers. We map out the optimal shape of fundamental
                      network geometries with a focus on the impact of
                      congestion.},
      cin          = {IEK-STE},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-STE-20101013},
      pnm          = {1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111) / CoNDyNet 2 - Kollektive Nichtlineare Dynamik
                      Komplexer Stromnetze (BMBF-03EK3055B)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112 / G:(DE-JUEL1)BMBF-03EK3055B},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevE.108.044302},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1019420},
}