% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@INPROCEEDINGS{Li:1019850,
      author       = {Li, Yun and Mahnke, Christoph and Rohs, Susanne and Bundke,
                      Ulrich and Spelten, Nicole and Dekoutsidis, Georgios and
                      Groß, Silke and Voigt, Christian and Schumann, Ulrich and
                      Petzold, Andreas and Krämer, Martina},
      title        = {{O}bservational evidence of contrail cirrus in slightly
                      ice-subsaturation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-05681},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Contrail cirrus, including line-shaped contrails, has a net
                      warming effect on theEarth’s climate. Of great importance
                      to estimate their radiative effect is the coverageand mean
                      optical thickness, which are closely associated with the
                      conditions affectingthe formation and microphysical
                      properties of contrail cirrus.This study focuses on cirrus
                      observations over central Europe and the NortheastAtlantic
                      from the airborne ML-CIRRUS campaign in 2014. Contrail
                      cirrus inthe cirrus dataset is identified using: (1) the
                      Schmidt-Appleman-Criterion, whichdetermines whether the
                      environmental conditions are suitable for contrail
                      formation,(2) an aircraft plume detection algorithm that
                      helps identify if a measured airmass originated from
                      aircraft exhaust, and (3) statistical analysis that
                      generates adescription of the general characteristics of
                      contrail and natural cirrus.The microphysical properties
                      (mass mean radius Rice, ice crystal number Nice andice water
                      content IWC) of contrail cirrus and natural cirrus will be
                      described in thiswork together with their occurrence
                      conditions. The preferred atmospheric conditionsof contrail
                      cirrus occurrence are identified. Of particular interest is
                      the existence ofcontrail cirrus in slightly ice-subsaturated
                      environments, where the relative humiditywith respect to ice
                      (RHice) centres around 90 $\%$ instead of ice
                      supersaturation, asbelieved hitherto. This also differs from
                      100 $\%$ RHice in natural cirrus. Inspectingthe occurrence
                      frequencies of air masses with RHice > 90 $\%$ compared to
                      RHice >100 $\%$ from passenger aircraft observations above
                      Europe and the North Atlanticduring the IAGOS-MOZAIC period
                      from 1995 to 2010, about 43 $\%$ of the air massesare prone
                      to contrail cirrus formation instead of 32 $\%$ found in
                      ice-supersaturatedenvironments. Our findings imply that the
                      avoidance of slight ice-subsaturation to ice-supersaturation
                      at cruising altitudes might further reduce the occurrence of
                      contrailcirrus, thus diminishing the climate impact of
                      contrail cirrus.},
      month         = {Jul},
      date          = {2023-07-23},
      organization  = {Workshop "Clouds Containing Ice
                       Particles", Mainz (Germany), 23 Jul
                       2023 - 26 Jul 2023},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {IEK-7 / IEK-8},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211) / 2111 - Air Quality
                      (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1019850},
}