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@ARTICLE{Brger:1019968,
      author       = {Börger, Kristian and Belt, Alexander and Schultze,
                      Thorsten and Arnold, Lukas},
      title        = {{R}emote {S}ensing of the {L}ight-{O}bscuring {S}moke
                      {P}roperties in {R}eal-{S}cale {F}ires {U}sing a
                      {P}hotometric {M}easurement {M}ethod},
      journal      = {Fire technology},
      volume       = {60},
      issn         = {0015-2684},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-05783},
      pages        = {19-45},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {A new photometric measurement method for the determination
                      of temporally and spatially resolved light extinction
                      coefficients in laboratory fire tests was recently
                      presented. The approach relies on capturing the change in
                      intensity of individual light sources (LEDs) due to fire
                      smoke using a commercially available digital camera.
                      Comparing the results for red light LEDs to measurements of
                      the well-established MIREX system indicates the model is
                      capable of capturing the investigated phenomena. However, a
                      significant underestimation of this reference measurement
                      taken in the infrared range is inconsistent with the
                      expected increase of the extinction coefficients with lower
                      wavelengths. In the context of new experimental
                      investigations, this deficiency was remedied by evaluating
                      multible colour channels of RAW image data instead of the
                      previously used JPG files. Furthermore, extending the
                      experimental setup by several LED strips as well as a second
                      camera allows to verify the hypothesis of a homogeneous
                      smoke layering. The study covers eight experiments including
                      n-heptane fuel in style of the well documented EN 54 TF 5
                      testfire as well as two additional experiments with an
                      n-heptane-toluene mixture. Considering spatial resolution as
                      well as the high reproducibility of the results, the method
                      appears to be a convenient tool for the validation of
                      numerical visibility models. Nevertheless, a sensitivity
                      analysis identified uncertainties that need to be addressed
                      in upcoming investigations to further improve the accuracy.},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001068486100001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10694-023-01470-z},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1019968},
}