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@ARTICLE{Mork:1020536,
      author       = {Mork, Maximilian and Xhonneux, André and Müller, Dirk},
      title        = {{N}onlinear {D}istributed {M}odel {P}redictive {C}ontrol
                      for multi-zone building energy systems},
      journal      = {Energy and buildings},
      volume       = {264},
      issn         = {0378-7788},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-00249},
      pages        = {112066 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {This paper presents a distributed Model Predictive Control
                      (MPC) approach for multi-zone building energy systems based
                      on nonlinear Modelica controller models. The method
                      considers both thermal and hydraulic coupling among
                      different building zones. The iterative and parallel
                      distributed optimization approach builds upon an
                      uncooperative approach for thermal coupling using the Nash
                      equilibrium approach and a cooperative approach for the
                      hydraulic coupling using the Alternating Direction Method of
                      Multipliers (ADMM). Apart from thermal coupling through
                      walls, the modeling takes thermal coupling through doors
                      into account using a data-driven approach, which calculates
                      the inter-zone air exchanges based on temperature
                      differences between door-coupled zones. The hydraulic
                      coupling enables consideration of interactions between the
                      zones introduced by a shared, central Heating, Ventilation
                      and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. The distributed MPC
                      framework is structured in an easy-scalable, plug-and-play
                      composition, where local systems are automatically assigned
                      to the global coordination scheme. The distributed MPC
                      method is applied to a simulative nonlinear case study,
                      consisting of a six-room-building Modelica model considering
                      both thermal and hydraulic interactions. The benefits of the
                      proposed approach are demonstrated and compared against
                      centralized and decentralized control concepts in terms of
                      energy consumption, discomfort and computation time.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {1122 - Design, Operation and Digitalization of the Future
                      Energy Grids (POF4-112) / 1121 - Digitalization and Systems
                      Technology for Flexibility Solutions (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1121},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000800424900009},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112066},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1020536},
}