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@ARTICLE{Derbas:1020601,
      author       = {Derbas, Ghadeer and Voss, Karsten},
      title        = {{A}ssessment of automated shading systems’ utilization
                      and environmental performance: {A}n experimental study},
      journal      = {Building and environment},
      volume       = {244},
      issn         = {0360-1323},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-00296},
      pages        = {110805 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {This paper presents an experimental study conducted in a
                      full-scale test cell ‘‘btga-box’’ from July until
                      September 2020 at Wuppertal University, Germany. This study
                      focused on evaluating occupant interaction and satisfaction
                      with automated shading systems in office environments, and
                      the underlying thermal and visual conditions under different
                      scenarios to optimize automated shading design and operation
                      for improving occupant comfort and energy efficiency. Six
                      different scenarios were evaluated using several performance
                      metrics. Twenty-eight participants of varying ages, gender,
                      and ethnicity took part in the experiments. After each
                      scenario, the participants were asked to complete a
                      web-based questionnaire to report their behaviour, their
                      perceived thermal and visual comfort, satisfaction, and
                      preferences concerning the performance of automated shading
                      controls. Concurrently, indoor environmental parameters,
                      weather data, and system and user-triggered actions were
                      recorded. The key findings of this study suggest that a
                      robust shading system (i.e., few override actions) can be
                      achieved by: deploying a multi-objective control strategy
                      with an intermediate position, an acceptable range of
                      irradiance thresholds, and a decent level of other adaptive
                      behavioural control options (i.e., window opening, fan
                      usage, and light control). Providing active cooling or
                      ventilation systems (i.e., operable windows, exhaust
                      ventilation, and ceiling fan) can improve user satisfaction
                      with the indoor environment, including shade operation.
                      Using a small window size combined with a high irradiance
                      shade-lowering threshold decreased the user-raising actions
                      by $49\%$ compared to the low threshold. However, energy
                      implications should be considered for further studies since
                      user satisfaction with blind control should be balanced with
                      energy efficiency.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {1123 - Smart Areas and Research Platforms (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1123},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001078902600001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110805},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1020601},
}