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@ARTICLE{McNamara:1020955,
      author       = {McNamara, Ian and Flörke, Martina and Uschan, Thorben and
                      Baez-Villanueva, Oscar M. and Herrmann, Frank},
      title        = {{E}stimates of irrigation requirements throughout {G}ermany
                      under varying climatic conditions},
      journal      = {Agricultural water management},
      volume       = {291},
      issn         = {0378-3774},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-00423},
      pages        = {108641},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {As climate change brings about hotter and often drier
                      summers, an improved understanding of how irrigation
                      requirements vary according to climatic conditions is of
                      increasing importance. Within Germany, temperate conditions
                      have historically enabled most agriculture to be supplied
                      solely by green water, but recent crop yield reductions and
                      crop failures have demonstrated its increased vulnerability
                      to climatic conditions. The raster-based mGROWA hydrological
                      water balance model was implemented over all agricultural
                      areas in Germany for the period 1961–2020 at a high
                      spatial (200 m) and temporal (daily) resolution. Grid-cells
                      were each assigned one of 10 major crop classes, which
                      account for 86.7 $\%$ of all agricultural areas in Germany,
                      and effectively all irrigated areas. Using crop-specific
                      irrigation rules that reflect actual practices, irrigation
                      requirements were simulated for all crop areas. To
                      investigate the relationship between climatic water balance
                      over the crop growing season and irrigation requirements,
                      the simulated annual irrigation requirements were compared
                      with the standardised precipitation-evapotranspiration index
                      (SPEI-6), calculated at the end of September. Through this
                      comparison, irrigation requirements could be characterised
                      for near-normal and dry conditions, and results were
                      aggregated to the district level. Additionally, using
                      district-level data on the areas with irrigation
                      infrastructure, the actual water used for irrigation was
                      estimated. The results highlight marked increases in
                      irrigation requirements in dry conditions compared to
                      near-normal conditions (median increase of 72 $\%),$ which
                      are more pronounced over crops in silty soils than in sandy
                      soils. The results also demonstrate how the increased
                      irrigation requirements in dry years are in many cases
                      higher than what is suggested by guidelines for irrigation
                      management in Germany. This study provides important
                      information for actors related to the agricultural sector
                      and water management and is based on a robust and
                      transferable framework to quantify how irrigation
                      requirements vary according to climatic variability and
                      local soil conditions.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {640},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001146820800001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108641},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1020955},
}