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@INPROCEEDINGS{Maksumov:1020971,
      author       = {Maksumov, Muzaffar and Kaus, Anton and Teng, Zhenjie and
                      Kleiner, Karin and Gunkel, Felix and Hausen, Florian},
      title        = {{F}riction {F}orce {M}icroscopy as a tool to investigate
                      (electro)catalytic activities at surfaces},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-00431},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Production of green hydrogen energy based on water
                      electrolysis, currently, have become one of the crucial
                      topics in the framework of energy transition towards green
                      energy technologies. In water splitting electrolysis
                      catalysis or electrocatalysts play a critical role, where
                      the development of active, stable and low-cost
                      electrocatalysts is always on the agenda of the research
                      works. [1] Designing of electrocatalysts with fundamental
                      understanding of their surface transformations under dynamic
                      reaction conditions still remains very challenging. This
                      requires a fundamental understanding of all the processes
                      involved on the atomic level, which is the main focus of my
                      research work and part of the common goals of DFG Priority
                      Programme 2080. The slow reaction kinetics at oxygen
                      evolution reaction (OER) due to high overpotentials keep
                      electrolysis from being of practical use and perovskites, as
                      catalysts, could be used to minimize the overpotentials.
                      However, perovskite electrocatalysts suffer from
                      irreversible degradation reactions such as undesired surface
                      transformations and morphology changes at grain boundaries
                      and surfaces. [2-3] A comprehensive understanding of
                      perovskite surface transformations under dynamic OER
                      conditions at atomic level could be achieved by
                      implementation of different electrochemical scanning probe
                      microscopy techniques. Mainly, to investigate fundamental
                      processes at the solid/liquid interface in electrocatalysis
                      advanced atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning
                      tunneling microscopy (STM) are employed in liquid
                      environment under applied voltage bias. AFM enables the
                      collection of data regarding the nanomechanical, electrical,
                      and structural properties of sample in addition to the
                      standard topography map that is captured. This is highly
                      valuable considering sole topography mapping likely to miss
                      the expected surface changes at the beginning of the OER.
                      Previously, F. Hausen et al [4] applying a common tribology
                      method based on AFM, operando electrochemical friction force
                      microscopy (EC-AFM), reported that friction differences
                      between a bare metal and and oxy/hydroxy-terminated surface
                      in liquid environment clearly indicates direct fingerprint
                      of chemical surface transformation. In our work, we
                      investigate exclusively epitaxially grown perovskite oxide
                      catalysts based on La1-xSrxCoO3 in alkali environment before
                      and after electrocatalysis under dynamic and steady state
                      operation conditions (as illustrated in Fig.1). Figure 1
                      clearly illustrates the difference of surface between
                      as-grown perovskite oxide with the higher average friction
                      of 18-20 nN than the post-catalaysis perovskite oxide with
                      the average friction of 10-12 nN. The relevance of this
                      research work and necessity to exchange the ideas with
                      researchers around the world working on hydrogen energy
                      technologies is highly encouraged from SPP2080 project as
                      well as well aligned within the scope of H2Educate program
                      from National Energy Education Development (NEED Project,
                      US), which was designed to promote young researchers with
                      educational materials, training and exchange programs.
                      Figure 1. Friction maps of as-grown and post-catalysis of
                      LaxSr1-xCoO3 in air, a and b respectively.1. Wang S., Lu A.,
                      Zhong CJ. Hydrogen production from water electrolysis: role
                      of catalysts. Nano Convergence 8, 4 (2021). 2. Grimaud, A.
                      et al. Double perovskites as a family of highly active
                      catalysts for oxygen evolution in alkaline solution. Nat.
                      Commun. 4, 2439 (2013).3. Wan, G. et al. Amorphization
                      mechanism of SrIO3 electrocatalyst: How oxygen redox
                      initiates ionic diffusion and structural reorganization. 4.
                      Hausen, F. et al. Anion adsorption and atomic friction on Au
                      (111). Electrochimica Acta. 56, 28, 10694-10700 (2011).},
      month         = {Jun},
      date          = {2023-06-14},
      organization  = {NorthEastern Regional Meeting
                       2023/NESACS, Boston (USA), 14 Jun 2023
                       - 17 Jun 2023},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IEK-9 / PGI-7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / DFG project
                      493705276 - Kontrolle des Degradationsverhaltens von
                      perowskitischen OER-Katalysatoren unter dynamischen
                      Operationsbedingungen durch operando-Charakterisierung und
                      systematischer Variation der d-Orbital-Bandstruktur
                      (493705276)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(GEPRIS)493705276},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1020971},
}