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@INPROCEEDINGS{Brogi:1021001,
      author       = {Brogi, Cosimo and Bogena, Heye and Köhli, Markus and
                      Hendricks-Franssen, Harrie-Jan and Panagopoulos, Andreas and
                      Dombrowski, Olga and Chatzi, Anna and Babakos, Konstantinos},
      title        = {{C}osmic-ray neutron sensing in support of precision
                      irrigation or: how a fairly simple question yields a
                      puzzling answer.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-00461},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {The agricultural sector is increasingly reliant on water
                      availability, especially given expected increase of
                      agricultural droughts related to climate change. Thus,
                      improved soil moisture (SM) monitoring tools are needed to
                      support more efficient water management strategies such as
                      precision irrigation. A novel and non-invasive method is
                      cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS). It is characterized by a
                      large footprint (~240m) and relies on the negative
                      correlation between fast neutrons originating from cosmic
                      radiation and SM. Despite promising results in the
                      monitoring of SM dynamics and patterns, only a few studies
                      explored the use of CRNS for irrigation management. In this
                      study, two apple orchards of ~1.2 ha located in the Pinios
                      Hydrological Observatory (Greece) were provided with CRNS
                      probes. These were supported by extensive monitoring of SM
                      and climate data in the context of the H2020 ATLAS project.
                      In capturing irrigation events, the agreement between the
                      CRNS and the validation measurements depended largely on a)
                      the timing of irrigation, b) the CRNS calibration strategy,
                      c) precipitation, and d) the management of the surrounding
                      fields. In parallel, we performed neutron transport
                      simulations of multiple scenarios with variable irrigated
                      area and soil moisture by using the URANOS model. This
                      allowed the study of how the surrounding environment
                      influences the effectiveness of a CRNS sensor when its
                      footprint is larger than the area of interest. This
                      combination of simulations and experiments is providing key
                      insights on how CRNS methods can move from a proof o concept
                      to a relevant tool in actual precision irrigation
                      scenarios.},
      month         = {Mar},
      date          = {2022-03-11},
      organization  = {Agrogeophysics 2022, Brussels
                       (Belgium), 11 Mar 2022 - 11 Mar 2022},
      subtyp        = {Invited},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217) / DFG project 357874777 - FOR 2694: Large-Scale
                      and High-Resolution Mapping of Soil Moisture on Field and
                      Catchment Scales - Boosted by Cosmic-Ray Neutrons
                      (357874777)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173 / G:(GEPRIS)357874777},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1021001},
}