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@INPROCEEDINGS{Pivak:1021036,
      author       = {Pivak, Yevheniy and Park, Junbeom and Weber, Dieter and Jo,
                      Janghyun and Hugo Pérez Garza, H. and Basak, Shibabrata and
                      Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and Sun, Hongyu},
      title        = {{M}etal electroplating/stripping and 4{D} {STEM} analysis
                      revealed by liquid phase transmission electron microscopy},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-00496},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Aqueous zinc ion and metal-based batteries have attracted
                      much attention towards the development of an alternative
                      electrochemical energy storage technology beyond Li ion
                      batteries [1]. Although there are several advantages of
                      metal-based batteries, including high volumetric capacity
                      (~8000 mAh/L), low anode potential (~0.7 V vs. SHE), safety
                      and electrode abundance, the problem of metallic dendrite
                      growth during cycling causing battery short circuit and
                      failure, constituting safety hazards, severely limits the
                      progress and further commercial exploitation [2, 3]. To this
                      end, direct visualization of dendrites evolution under
                      operando conditions is prerequisite for battery safety and
                      longevity. Among the many operando/in situ techniques, the
                      use of liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM)
                      [4] has been very effective in enabling a more detailed
                      understanding of metal plating and stripping, where the
                      ability to probe and visualize locally the key processes
                      governing the dendrites formation. But it should be
                      mentioned that it is still a challenge to perform high
                      resolution and analytical electron microscopy studies in a
                      liquid cell, especially with liquid flow function.In this
                      work, we use LPTEM [5, 6] to directly visualize the
                      electroplating and stripping of metals on micro electrodes
                      of dedicated MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical System) chips at
                      the nanoscale. By comparing the plating/striping under
                      different chemical and/or electrochemical environment,
                      including static or flow electrolyte conditions, and varying
                      current densities, we show how metal dendrites can be
                      effectively controlled on electrochemical cycling of the
                      battery, as revealed by our operando LPTEM observations. In
                      addition, by employing we recently developed liquid purging
                      approach [7], which is based on the unique liquid supply
                      system and the on-chip liquid flow capability, we are
                      capable to perform 4D STEM electron diffraction analysis on
                      the plating (Figure (a), Orientation mapped STEM image of
                      deposited Zn in liquid by 4D STEM data analysis, Figure
                      (b-e), reconstructed electron diffraction patterns
                      corresponding to each mapped region).Following the
                      experimental results, the growth of Zn dendrites can be
                      effectively mitigated and directly minimized by flowing
                      electrolyte into the cell and adjusting the current density,
                      thus, providing new insights into the Aqueous metal
                      batteries chemistry and the pathways for its optimization.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2023-09-10},
      organization  = {The 20th of International Microscopy
                       Congress, Busan (South Korea), 10 Sep
                       2023 - 15 Sep 2023},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IEK-9 / ER-C / ER-C-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218 / I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-20211020 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1021036},
}