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@ARTICLE{Fischer:1021974,
      author       = {Fischer, Tom and Kretzschmar, Ansgar and Selmert, Victor
                      and Jovanovic, Sven and Kungl, Hans and Tempel, Hermann and
                      Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{P}ost-treatment strategies for pyrophoric {KOH}-activated
                      carbon nanofibres},
      journal      = {RSC Advances},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {2046-2069},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {RSC Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-01113},
      pages        = {3845 - 3856},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {The effect of two atmospheric post-treatment conditions
                      directly after the KOH activation of polyacrylonitrile-based
                      nanofibres is studied in this work. As post-treatment
                      different N2 : O2 flow conditions, namely high O2-flow
                      and low O2-flow, are applied and their impact on occurring
                      reactions and carbon nanofibres' properties is studied by
                      thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning
                      calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman
                      spectroscopy, elemental analysis and CO2 and Ar gas
                      adsorption. At high O2-flow conditions a pyrophoric effect
                      was observed on the KOH-activated carbon nanofibers. Based
                      on the obtained results from the TGA and DSC the pyrophoric
                      effect is attributed to the oxidation reactions of metallic
                      potassium formed during the KOH activation process and a
                      consequent carbon combustion reaction. Suppression of this
                      pyrophoric effect is achieved using the low O2-flow
                      conditions due to a lower heat formation of the potassium
                      oxidation and the absence of carbon combustion. Compared to
                      the high O2-flow samples no partial destruction of the
                      carbon nanofibers is observed in the SEM images. The
                      determination of the adsorption isotherms, the surface area,
                      the pore size distribution and the isosteric enthalpies of
                      adsorption show the superior properties under low O2-flow
                      conditions. The present micropore volume is increased from
                      0.424 cm3 g−1 at high O2-flow to 0.806 cm3 g−1 for low
                      O2-flow samples, resulting in an increase of CO2 adsorption
                      capacity of $38\%$ up to 6.6 mmol g−1 at 1 bar. This
                      significant improvement clearly points out the importance of
                      considering highly exothermic potassium oxidation reactions
                      and possible post-treatment strategies when applying KOH
                      activation to electrospun carbon nanofiber materials.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) / DFG
                      project 390919832 - EXC 2186: Das Fuel Science Center –
                      Adaptive Umwandlungssysteme für erneuerbare Energie- und
                      Kohlenstoffquellen (390919832) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 / G:(GEPRIS)390919832 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {38274173},
      UT           = {WOS:001148490900001},
      doi          = {10.1039/D3RA07096D},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1021974},
}