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@ARTICLE{Ko:1023815,
      author       = {Ko, Yiu Hong and Zhou, Andong and Niessen, Eva and Stahl,
                      Jutta and Weiss-Blankenhorn, Peter and Hester, Robert and
                      Bode, Stefan and Feuerriegel, Daniel},
      title        = {{N}eural correlates of confidence during decision formation
                      in a perceptual judgment task},
      journal      = {Cortex},
      volume       = {173},
      issn         = {0010-9452},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-01820},
      pages        = {248 - 262},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {When we make a decision, we also estimate the probability
                      that our choice is correct or accurate. This probability
                      estimate is termed our degree of decision confidence. Recent
                      work has reported event-related potential (ERP) correlates
                      of confidence both during decision formation (the
                      centro-parietal positivity component; CPP) and after a
                      decision has been made (the error positivity component; Pe).
                      However, there are several measurement confounds that
                      complicate the interpretation of these findings. More recent
                      studies that overcome these issues have so far produced
                      conflicting results. To better characterise the ERP
                      correlates of confidence we presented participants with a
                      comparative brightness judgment task while recording
                      electroencephalography. Participants judged which of two
                      flickering squares (varying in luminance over time) was
                      brighter on average. Participants then gave confidence
                      ratings ranging from "surely incorrect" to "surely correct".
                      To elicit a range of confidence ratings we manipulated both
                      the mean luminance difference between the brighter and
                      darker squares (relative evidence) and the overall luminance
                      of both squares (absolute evidence). We found larger CPP
                      amplitudes in trials with higher confidence ratings. This
                      association was not simply a by-product of differences in
                      relative evidence (which covaries with confidence) across
                      trials. We did not identify postdecisional ERP correlates of
                      confidence, except when they were artificially produced by
                      pre-response ERP baselines. These results provide further
                      evidence for neural correlates of processes that inform
                      confidence judgments during decision formation.Keywords:
                      CPP; Confidence; Decision making; EEG; Pe.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {38432176},
      UT           = {WOS:001205756600001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.006},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1023815},
}