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@ARTICLE{Engelmann:1024148,
      author       = {Engelmann, Ulrich M. and Simsek, Beril and Shalaby, Ahmed
                      and Krause, Hans-Joachim},
      title        = {{K}ey {C}ontributors to {S}ignal {G}eneration in
                      {F}requency {M}ixing {M}agnetic {D}etection ({FMMD}): {A}n
                      {I}n {S}ilico {S}tudy},
      journal      = {Sensors},
      volume       = {24},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1424-8220},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-01990},
      pages        = {1945 -},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) is a sensitive
                      and selective technique to detect magnetic nanoparticles
                      (MNPs) serving as probes for binding biological targets. Its
                      principle relies on the nonlinear magnetic relaxation
                      dynamics of a particle ensemble interacting with a dual
                      frequency external magnetic field. In order to increase its
                      sensitivity, lower its limit of detection and overall
                      improve its applicability in biosensing, matching
                      combinations of external field parameters and internal
                      particle properties are being sought to advance FMMD. In
                      this study, we systematically probe the aforementioned
                      interaction with coupled Néel–Brownian dynamic relaxation
                      simulations to examine how key MNP properties as well as
                      applied field parameters affect the frequency mixing signal
                      generation. It is found that the core size of MNPs dominates
                      their nonlinear magnetic response, with the strongest
                      contributions from the largest particles. The drive field
                      amplitude dominates the shape of the field-dependent
                      response, whereas effective anisotropy and hydrodynamic size
                      of the particles only weakly influence the signal generation
                      in FMMD. For tailoring the MNP properties and parameters of
                      the setup towards optimal FMMD signal generation, our
                      findings suggest choosing large particles of core sizes dc >
                      25 nm nm with narrow size distributions (σ < 0.1) to
                      minimize the required drive field amplitude. This allows
                      potential improvements of FMMD as a stand-alone application,
                      as well as advances in magnetic particle imaging,
                      hyperthermia and magnetic immunoassays.},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {38544208},
      UT           = {WOS:001193533800001},
      doi          = {10.3390/s24061945},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024148},
}